Hydration of Cement in the Presence of Biocidal Modifiers Based on Metal Hydrosilicates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- surface treatment of structures with deep lesions;
- (2)
- the use of organic biocides, which can degrade over time;
- (3)
- the use of biocides, which are effective only in their pure form, and not in a concrete composition.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Laniesse, P.; Cau Dit Coumes, C.; Le Saout, G.; Mesbah, A. Understanding the setting and hardening process of wollastonite-based brushite cement. Part 2: Influence of the boron and aluminum concentrations in the mixing solution. Cem. Concr. Res. 2021, 140, 106288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scherb, S.; Maier, M.; Beuntner, N.; Thienel, K.C.; Neubauer, J. Reaction kinetics during early hydration of calcined phyllosilicates in clinker-free model systems. Cem. Concr. Res. 2021, 143, 106382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Belhadi, R.; Govin, A.; Grosseau, P. Influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, citric acid and their combination on the hydration and workability of calcium sulfoaluminate cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 2021, 147, 106513. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MacLeod, A.J.N.; Collins, F.G.; Duan, W. Effects of carbon nanotubes on the early-age hydration kinetics of portland cement using isothermal calorimetry. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2021, 119, 103994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kadri, E.H.; Kenai, S.; Ezziane, K.; Siddique, R.; De Schutter, G. Influence of metakaolin and silica fume on the heat of hydration and compressive strength development of mortar. Appl. Clay Sci. 2011, 53, 704–708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, V.; Scott, A. Hydration and microstructural characteristics of mgo in the presence of metakaolin and silica fume. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2021, 121, 104068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Achang, M.; Radonjic, M. Adding olivine micro particles to portland cement based wellbore cement slurry as a sacrificial material: A quest for the solution in mitigating corrosion of wellbore cement. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2021, 121, 104078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lampropoulou, P.; Petrounias, P.; Giannakopoulou, P.P.; Rogkala, A.; Koukouzas, N.; Tsikouras, B.; Hatzipanagiotou, K. The Effect of Chemical Composition of Ultramafic and Mafic Aggregates on Their Physicomechanical Properties as well as on the Produced Concrete Strength. Minerals 2020, 10, 406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Korolev, E.V. Prospects for the development of building materials science, Academia. Archit. Constr. 2020, 143–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grishina, A.N.; Eremin, A.V. Effect of barium hydrosilicates on the early hydration rate of portland cement. Inorg. Mater. 2016, 52, 973–977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vasilenko, M.I.; Goncharova, E.N. Microbiological features of the process of damage to concrete surfaces. Basic Res. 2013, 886–891. Available online: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18860630 (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Startsev, S.A.; Svetlov, D.A.; Kachalov, A.N. Problems of inspection of building structures having signs of biodamaging. Eng. Constr. J. 2010, 41–46. Available online: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15273461 (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Riduan, S.N.; Zhang, Y. Recent Advances of Zinc-based Antimicrobial Materials. Chemistry 2021, 16, 2588–2595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lagerström, M.; Ytreberg, E. Quantification of Cu and Zn in antifouling paint films by XRF. Talanta 2021, 223, 121820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Strokova, V.V.; Nelubova, V.V.; Rykunova, M.D. Resistance of Cement Stone In Sanitation Solutions. Mag. Civ. Eng. 2019, 90, 72–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Erofeev, V.; Rodin, A.; Rodina, N.; Kalashnikov, V.; Erofeeva, I. Biocidal binders for the concretes of unerground constructions. Procedia Eng. 2016, 165, 1448–1454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanchez-Silva, M.; Rosowsky, D.V. Biodeterioration of Construction Materials: State of the Art and Future Challenges. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2008, 20, 352–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Janczak, K.; Kosmalska, D.; Kaczor, D.; Wedderburn, L.; Malinowski, R. Bactericidal and fungistatic properties of LDPE modified with a biocide containing metal nanoparticles. Materials 2021, 14, 4228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krishnamurthi, P.; Raju, Y.; Manoharan, P.T.; Khambhaty, Y. Zinc oxide-supported copper clusters with high biocidal efficacy for Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Cereus. ACS Omega 2017, 2, 2524–2535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Taran, M.V.; Starodub, N.F.; Melnychuk, M.D.; Katsev, A.M.; Babanin, A.A.; Guidotti, M.; Khranovskyy, V.D. Biocidal effects of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the bioluminescent bacteria. Proc. SPIE 2013, 9032, 90320I. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grengg, C.; Koraimann, G.; Ukrainczyk, N.; Rudic, O.; Luschnig, S.; Gluth, G.J.G.; Radtke, M.; Dietzel, M.; Mittermayr, F. Cu- and Zn-doped alkali activated mortar—Properties and durability in (bio)chemically aggressive wastewater environments. Cem. Concr. Res. 2021, 149, 106541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramachandran, S.V.; Feldman, R.F.; Kollepardi, M.; Malhotra, V.M.; Dolch, V.L.; Mehta, P.K.; Ohama, I.; Ratinov, V.B.; Rosenberg, T.I.; Mailwagans, N.P. Concrete admixtures ref. M. Stroyizdat. 1988. 575p. Available online: http://books.totalarch.com/concrete_admixtures_handbook_properties_science_and_technology_ramachandran (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Maksimova, I.N.; Makridin, N.I.; Surov, I.A. Influence of calcium nanohydrosilicates modified with aprotonic acids on the formation of the strength of the dispersed-crystalline structure of cement stone. Reg. Archit. Constr. 2014, 63–68. Available online: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44361348 (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Grishina, A.N.; Korolev, E.V.; Satyukov, A.B. Radiation-protective composite binder extended with barium hydrosilicates. Adv. Mater. Res. 2014, 1040, 351–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grishina, A.N.; Korolev, E.V. Chemical composition of a biocidal modifier on a silicate base. Vestn. MGS 2016, 11, 58–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grishina, A.; Korolev, E. Chemical composition of silicate modifier for composite biocidal binder. AIP Conf. Proc. 2016, 1772, 020003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Grishina, A.N.; Korolev, E.V.; Satyukov, A.B. Products of reaction between barium chloride and sodium hyrdosilicates: Examination of composition. Adv. Mater. Res. 2014, 1040, 347–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saraya ME, I. Stopping of cement hydration by various methods. HBRC J. 2010, 6, 49–58. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266738538_Stopping_of_cement_hydration_by_various_methods (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Taylor, X. Chemistry of cement. Per. From English—M.: Mir. 1996. 560p. Available online: http://books.totalarch.com/chemistry_cement (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Galkin YuYu Udodov, S.A.; Vasil’eva, L.V. The phase composition and properties of aluminate cements after early loading. Mag. Civ. Eng. 2017, 75, 114–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vernigorova, V.N.; Sadenko, S.M. On the non-stationary of physico-chemical processes processing in the concrete mixture. Constr. Mater. 2017, 86–89. Available online: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28392798 (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Korolev, E.V.; Grishina, A.N.; Satukov, A.B. Chemical composition of nanomodified composite binder using nano- and micro-size barium hydrosilicates. Nanotechnol. Constr. Sci. Online J. 2014, 6, 90–103. Available online: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22309224 (accessed on 28 November 2021).
- Grishina, A.; Korolev, E. Structure formation of gypsum binder with zinc hydrosilicates. E3S Web Conf. 2019, 91, 02016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loganina, V. Putty on the base of a modified silicate binding agent. Key Eng. Mater. 2017, 736, 161–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shabanova, N.A.; Belova, I.A.; Markelova, M.N. Reactivity and Aggregative Stability of Colloidal Silica. Glass Phys. Chem. 2020, 46, 84–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shabanova, N.A. The kinetics of depolymerization of silica in the production of polysilicates from hydrosols. Colloid J. Russ. Acad. Sci. Kolloidn. Zhurnal 1998, 60, 651–654. Available online: https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27144509406&origin=resultslist (accessed on 28 November 2021).
Enthalpy, J/g for the Response with Extremum, °C | Age, day | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 28 | |
0.5% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −21.19 | −31.51 | −41.43 | −36.99 | −40.95 |
750–780 | −31.74 | −45.84 | −31.43 | −55.30 | −42.76 |
1.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −18.34 | −15.62 | −38.73 | −28.78 | −37.55 |
750–780 | −28.67 | −39.74 | −49.54 | −51.96 | −49.61 |
2.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −28.04 | −36.85 | −42.89 | −48.37 | −58.81 |
750–780 | −41.93 | −54.80 | −39.70 | −51.62 | −49.52 |
3.0%of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −26.15 | −32.62 | −42.62 | −44.60 | −51.12 |
750–780 | −32.89 | −45.82 | −58.74 | −54.30 | −56.02 |
4.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −24.04 | −37.07 | −34.04 | −45.20 | −31.28 |
750–780 | −29.51 | −42.29 | −44.29 | −46.45 | −41.48 |
5.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −10.60 | −18.12 | −20.97 | −18.01 | −21.16 |
750–780 | −18.82 | −27.66 | −31.05 | −29.97 | −29.22 |
6.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
480–500 | −7.30 | −17.37 | −10.72 | −16.94 | −15.17 |
750–780 | −12.04 | −25.01 | −26.03 | −25.85 | −23.26 |
0.25% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
480–500 | −28.99 | −31.04 | −31.06 | −49.09 | −43.22 |
750–780 | −32.88 | −43.02 | −45.97 | −48.52 | −40.33 |
0.5% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
480–500 | −29.23 | −29.91 | −32.37 | −31.23 | −48.21 |
750–780 | −39.39 | −46.16 | −43.38 | −49.24 | −44.00 |
0.75% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
480–500 | −26.45 | −30.22 | −31.63 | −44.98 | −45.41 |
750–780 | −42.77 | −49.18 | −50.33 | −60.58 | −69.00 |
1% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
480–500 | – | −5.46 | −13.76 | −21.86 | −25.02 |
750–780 | −2.75 | −13.33 | −24.11 | −26.24 | −25.11 |
Control composition | |||||
480–500 | −37.22 | −45.83 | −53.92 | −54.32 | −54.43 |
750–780 | −38.77 | −44.00 | −31.90 | −29.15 | −28.54 |
Wavenumber, cm−1 | Age, days | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 28 | |
0.5% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.059549 | 0.090966 | 0.058821 | 0.072629 | 0.062233 |
1.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.063768 | 0.074353 | 0.064744 | 0.079351 | 0.075371 |
2.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.09096 | 0.05726 | 0.082424 | 0.055943 | 0.050913 |
3.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.08281 | 0.070537 | 0.07114 | 0.066105 | 0.056942 |
4.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.073808 | 0.089035 | 0.05995 | 0.064385 | 0.071096 |
5.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.07302 | 0.068688 | 0.073117 | 0.067266 | 0.098813 |
6.0% of hydrosilicate zinc | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.069865 | 0.07047 | 0.066473 | 0.065942 | 0.097897 |
0.25% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
1163–1167 | 0.015373 | 0.019754 | 0.019991 | 0.006881 | |
940–965 | 0.058528 | 0.08853 | 0.07156 | 0.080415 | 0.056018 |
0.5% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
1163–1167 | 0.074429 | 0.022087 | 0.011307 | 0.011788 | 0.007657 |
940–965 | 0.087733 | 0.059298 | 0.060316 | 0.076183 | 0.060625 |
0.75% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
1163–1167 | 0.07637 | 0.023699 | 0.010411 | 0.004507 | 0.006494 |
940–965 | 0.082416 | 0.053709 | 0.095245 | 0.045252 | 0.062908 |
1.0% of hydrosilicate copper | |||||
1163–1167 | 0.074429 | 0.02336 | 0.020879 | 0.012401 | 0.008841 |
940–965 | 0.0982229 | 0.065899 | 0.069552 | 0.058769 | 0.06402 |
Control composition | |||||
1163–1167 | – | – | – | – | – |
940–965 | 0.040411 | 0.04763 | 0.038303 | 0.058102 | 0.054476 |
Modifier Type | Modifier Content, % | Setting Start Time, Hours: Min | End of Setting Time, Hours: Min | Duration of Setting, Hours: Min |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control composition | 2:10 | 3:45 | 1:35 | |
Copper hydrosilicates | 0.25 | 2:25 | 4:35 | 2:10 |
0.5 | 2:40 | 4:20 | 1:40 | |
0.75 | 2:20 | 5:45 | 3:25 | |
1.0 | 6:04 | more than 10 h | more than 10 h | |
Zinc hydrosilicates | 0.5 | 1:30 | 4:25 | 2:55 |
1.0 | 0:55 | 4:00 | 3:05 | |
2.0 | 2:30 | 6:00 | 3:30 | |
3.0 | 2:30 | 3:35 | 1:05 | |
4.0 | 2:10 | 3:25 | 1:15 | |
5.0 | 1:05 | 3:10 | 2:05 | |
6.0 | 1:45 | 3:45 | 2:00 |
Modifier Type | Modifier Content, % | Empirical Coefficient Values | |
---|---|---|---|
Rmax | b | ||
Copper hydrosilicates | control composition | 70.94 | 0.929 |
0.25 | 69.68 | 0.212 | |
0.50 | 73.68 | 0.154 | |
0.75 | 51.64 | 0.218 | |
1.0 | 46.37 | 0.217 | |
Zinc hydrosilicates | 0.50 | 81.23 | 0.270 |
1.0 | 75.09 | 0.277 | |
2.0 | 79.29 | 0.234 | |
3.0 | 77.67 | 0.222 | |
4.0 | 77.60 | 0.223 | |
5.0 | 40.49 | 0.538 | |
6.0 | 43.06 | 0.343 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Grishina, A.N.; Korolev, E.V.; Gladkikh, V.A. Hydration of Cement in the Presence of Biocidal Modifiers Based on Metal Hydrosilicates. Materials 2022, 15, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010292
Grishina AN, Korolev EV, Gladkikh VA. Hydration of Cement in the Presence of Biocidal Modifiers Based on Metal Hydrosilicates. Materials. 2022; 15(1):292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010292
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrishina, Anna N., Evgenij V. Korolev, and Vitaliy A. Gladkikh. 2022. "Hydration of Cement in the Presence of Biocidal Modifiers Based on Metal Hydrosilicates" Materials 15, no. 1: 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010292