Effect of Biochar on Metal Distribution and Microbiome Dynamic of a Phytostabilized Metalloid-Contaminated Soil Following Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of Initial Soil, Biochar, and Plant
2.2. Soil Biochar-Aided Phytostabilization (before and after Freeze-Thaw Treatment, Respectively)
2.3. Analytical and Other Methods
2.4. Evaluation of Microbial Community Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effect of Biochar Amendment and Freeze-Thaw on Biomass and Chemical Composition of Lolium perenne L. Individual Organs
3.2. The Effect of Biochar Amendment and Freeze-Thaw on Changes in Soil pH and Total Content of Metal(-loid)s in Soil
3.3. The Effect of Biochar Amendment and Freeze–Thaw on Metal(-loid)s Redistribution and Stability in Phytostabilized Soils
3.4. Influence of Biochar Amendment and Freeze-Thaw on Microbial Community in Soil
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Reads | Observed OTUs | Shannon Index of Diversity | Chao1 Index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | before freeze–thaw (1) | 41,087 | 1938 | 5.99 | 2132.2 |
after freeze–thaw (2) | 41,914 | 1600 | 5.49 | 1783.8 | |
Biochar | before freeze–thaw (1) | 34,445 | 1875 | 6.12 | 2086.1 |
after freeze–thaw (2) | 38,343 | 1673 | 5.85 | 1850.6 |
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Radziemska, M.; Gusiatin, M.Z.; Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, A.; Blazejczyk, A.; Kumar, V.; Kintl, A.; Brtnicky, M. Effect of Biochar on Metal Distribution and Microbiome Dynamic of a Phytostabilized Metalloid-Contaminated Soil Following Freeze–Thaw Cycles. Materials 2022, 15, 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113801
Radziemska M, Gusiatin MZ, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Blazejczyk A, Kumar V, Kintl A, Brtnicky M. Effect of Biochar on Metal Distribution and Microbiome Dynamic of a Phytostabilized Metalloid-Contaminated Soil Following Freeze–Thaw Cycles. Materials. 2022; 15(11):3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113801
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadziemska, Maja, Mariusz Z. Gusiatin, Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, Aurelia Blazejczyk, Vinod Kumar, Antonin Kintl, and Martin Brtnicky. 2022. "Effect of Biochar on Metal Distribution and Microbiome Dynamic of a Phytostabilized Metalloid-Contaminated Soil Following Freeze–Thaw Cycles" Materials 15, no. 11: 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113801