Ballistic Performance of Polyurea-Reinforced Ceramic/Metal Armor Subjected to Projectile Impact
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Target Configuration
2.1. Material Characteristics of the Testing Target
2.2. Fabrication Process of Testing Target
2.3. Target Configuration
3. Experimental Setup and Testing Method
4. Experimental Results
5. Failure Mechanisms
5.1. Perforation of Targets
5.2. Damage Pattern of the Targets
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The polyurea layer shown could improve the ballistic performance of ceramic composite armor. The mass efficiency of polyurea-coated ceramic armor was found to be higher than that of ceramic/metal armor. The position of the polyurea layer also has a significant influence on ballistic performance. The targets in configuration F showed better ballistic performance. Compared with ceramic/metal armor, the mass efficiency of composite armor with a polyurea layer on the front face was improved from 6.69 to 12.68 on average at the same speed range (700–825 m/s), and increased by 89%.
- (2)
- The damage characteristics of the different configuration targets are presented. It was found that the damage characteristics of the polyurea layer are related to its position in the layers, which influenced the failure mode of the targets.
- (3)
- Five failure patterns are presented from the experimental conditions: the shearing-hole, self-healing, spallation, perforation, and cracking.
- (4)
- SEM analysis of the polyurea layer was conducted. The results of the microscopic analysis show that the polyurea in configuration F demonstrated the micro-morphology of glass transition, which explains the high ballistic performance of targets in configuration F.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Material Properties | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polyurea | Density (kg/m3) | Solid content | Tensile strength (MPa) | Tearing strength (MPa) | Elongation | Solidification time (s) |
1010 | ≥96% | 10 | ≥40 KN/m | 400% | 45 | |
SiC ceramic | Density (kg/m3) | Vickers hardness (MPa) | Bending strength (MPa) | Compressive strength (MPa) | Crystal density (μm) | Elasticity modulus (GPa) |
3130 | 2600 | 400 | 2200 | 5 | 430 | |
Armor steel | Density (kg/m3) | Brinell hardness (HB) | Yeld strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation | |
7850 | 500 | 1400 | 1700 | 10% | ||
Aluminum 6061-T6 | Density (kg/m3) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | ||
2850 | 318 | 257 | 9.9 | |||
Tungsten alloy | Density (kg/m3) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Rockwell hardness (HRC) | ||
17600 | 742 | 8.8 | 27 |
Material | Chemical Composition | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armor steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | B |
0.32 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 0.003 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.005 | |
Aluminium 6061-T6 | SI | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Al |
0.59 | 0.369 | 0.246 | 0.063 | 1.025 | 0.201 | 0.103 | 0.028 | 97.37 | |
Tungsten alloy | W | Ni | Fe | ||||||
93 | 5.1 | 1.9 |
Configuration of Targets | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group | F | M | B | C |
Configuration (mm) | (5p)/4.5c/4.5s | 4.5c/(5p)/4.5s | 4.5c/4.5s/(5p) | 10c/4.5s |
Areal density (g/cm2) | 5.464 | 6.685 |
Configuration Template | Moment 1 | Moment 2 | Moment 3 | Moment 4 | Moment 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | |||||
M | |||||
B | |||||
C |
Configuration of the Targets | F | M | B | C |
---|---|---|---|---|
Front face | ||||
Rear face |
Configuration Template | F3 | M3 | B1 | B5 | B2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Damage Patterns | a. Shearing-Hole | b. Self-Healing | c. Spallation | d. Perforation | e. Cracking |
Front face | |||||
Rear face |
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Si, P.; Liu, Y.; Yan, J.; Bai, F.; Huang, F. Ballistic Performance of Polyurea-Reinforced Ceramic/Metal Armor Subjected to Projectile Impact. Materials 2022, 15, 3918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113918
Si P, Liu Y, Yan J, Bai F, Huang F. Ballistic Performance of Polyurea-Reinforced Ceramic/Metal Armor Subjected to Projectile Impact. Materials. 2022; 15(11):3918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113918
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi, Peng, Yan Liu, Junbo Yan, Fan Bai, and Fenglei Huang. 2022. "Ballistic Performance of Polyurea-Reinforced Ceramic/Metal Armor Subjected to Projectile Impact" Materials 15, no. 11: 3918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113918