Recycling of Waste Toner Powder as Adsorbent to Remove Aqueous Heavy Metals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Batch Adsorption Experiments
2.3. Adsorption Isotherms
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterisation of the Adsorbent
3.1.1. Chemical Analysis
3.1.2. Magnetic Analysis
3.1.3. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) Analysis
3.1.4. FTIR Spectral Analysis
3.1.5. TG-DTG and N2 Adsorption Isotherms
3.1.6. SEM Analysis
3.2. Batch Adsorption Experiments
3.2.1. Effect of pH
3.2.2. Effect of Contact Time
3.2.3. Effect of Initial Concentration
3.2.4. Effect of Dosage
3.3. Adsorption Isotherms
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oxides | U | U Ash | S | S Ash |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fe2O3 | 32.1 | 37 | 36.3 | 74.1 |
MoO3 | 35.1 | 30.5 | ||
TiO2 | 15.7 | 22 | 16.5 | 20.9 |
SnO2 | 4.8 | 5.1 | ||
CuO | 3.4 | 1.8 | 20.4 | |
NbO | 0.8 | 1.4 | ||
CaO | 1.2 | 1.7 | ||
ZnO | 1.66 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 5.0 |
K2O | 5.1 | 11.9 | ||
SrO | 6.7 | |||
SiO2 | 1.3 | 3.4 | ||
SO3 | 0.6 |
Sample | Coercivity Hc (kA/m) | Saturation Ms (A m2/kg) | Remanence MR (A m2/kg) | Susceptibility χHF (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S | 4.6 | 0.167 | 0.014 | −6.48 × 10−5 |
U | 1.4 | 1.109 | 0.0127 | −2.30 × 10−5 |
Hematite | 29.0 | 0.302 | 0.056 | 2.35 × 10−4 |
Adsorbent | amax (mg/g) | b (L/mg) | R2 | ∆Go (KJ/mol) | K | n | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 1.614 | 0.458 | 0.9792 | −24847 | 0.4270 | 29.878 | 0.9888 | |
Ni | S | 2.420 | 0.265 | 0.9966 | −23514 | 0.8244 | 41.719 | 0.9468 |
U | 2.154 | 0.377 | 0.9945 | −24372 | 0.4933 | 31.949 | 0.8806 | |
M | 2.006 | 0.245 | 0.9982 | −23586 | 0.478 | 25.504 | 0.9528 | |
Zn | S | 2.579 | 0.114 | 0.9678 | −21722 | 0.255 | 76.864 | 0.9029 |
U | 6.211 | 2.218 | 0.9897 | −28953 | 0.445 | 27.442 | 0.9284 | |
M | 3.357 | 0.131 | 0.9804 | −23381 | 0.744 | 32.425 | 0.9087 | |
Cd | S | 2.555 | 0.262 | 0.9879 | −25069 | 0.846 | 28.645 | 0.9769 |
U | 3.489 | 0.199 | 0.9789 | −24399 | 0.670 | 26.553 | 0.9571 |
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Fernández, B.; Ayala, J.; del Valle, E.; Martínez-Blanco, D.; Castañón, A.M.; Menéndez-Aguado, J.M. Recycling of Waste Toner Powder as Adsorbent to Remove Aqueous Heavy Metals. Materials 2022, 15, 4150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124150
Fernández B, Ayala J, del Valle E, Martínez-Blanco D, Castañón AM, Menéndez-Aguado JM. Recycling of Waste Toner Powder as Adsorbent to Remove Aqueous Heavy Metals. Materials. 2022; 15(12):4150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124150
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández, Begoña, Julia Ayala, Elena del Valle, David Martínez-Blanco, Ana María Castañón, and Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado. 2022. "Recycling of Waste Toner Powder as Adsorbent to Remove Aqueous Heavy Metals" Materials 15, no. 12: 4150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124150