High-Efficiency Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite via a Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting–Magnetic Separation Process: Kinetics Research and Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Reaction Mechanism Analysis
2.3. Kinetics Analysis Method
2.4. Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Pilot Test System
2.5. Characterization of the Roasted Ores
2.6. Magnetic Separation Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Reaction Mechanism Analysis
3.2. Kinetics Analysis
3.3. Characterization of Roasted Ore
3.3.1. Magnetic Conversion Analysis
3.3.2. XRD Analysis
3.3.3. BSE-EDS Analysis
3.4. Magnetic Separation Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Magnetite was prepared by roasting siderite under an inert and reducing atmosphere, which was almost synchronous with the decomposition of siderite. The reaction mechanism of the magnetization roasting of magnetite was determined to be random nucleation and subsequent growth, with a reaction activation energy of 106.1 kJ/mol.
- (2)
- Roasted ore with a magnetic conversion of ≥0.99 was obtained using a conveyor bed system at 750 °C and 780 °C for around 3.5 s. Magnetite oxidation was prevented via the adoption of a three-stage suspended state air cooling process. The kinetic model predictions were consistent with the experimental results.
- (3)
- The conveyor bed magnetization roasting and magnetic separation process were suitable for the upgrading and utilization of low-grade iron ore. For the iron grade of Daxigou siderite with 21.42 wt.% original ore, a concentrate with an iron grade of 62.80 wt.% and a recovery rate of 68.83% was obtained after conducting the conveyor bed magnetization roasting and magnetic separation process.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | MnO | K2O | SO3 | Mass loss | TFe |
11.18 | 36.82 | 40.12 | 0.81 | 1.95 | 0.69 | 2.60 | 0.38 | 11.63 | 21.42 |
Method | β/(°C/min) | E/(kJ/mol) | A | r |
---|---|---|---|---|
General integral method | 10 | 98.1 | 7.58 × 104 | 0.995680 |
15 | 103.4 | 2.35 × 105 | 0.995052 | |
20 | 108.8 | 3.58 × 105 | 0.995351 | |
30 | 114.0 | 7.37 × 105 | 0.997411 | |
Average | 106.1 | 3.51 × 105 | 0.995874 | |
Kissinger method | - | 107.4 | 5.15 × 105 | 0.991111 |
Temperature /(°C) | α = 0.80 | α = 0.90 | α = 0.95 | α = 0.98 | α = 0.999 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
600 | 9.06 | 11.85 | 14.44 | 17.64 | 27.02 |
650 | 4.11 | 5.37 | 6.54 | 7.99 | 12.24 |
700 | 2.02 | 2.64 | 3.22 | 3.93 | 6.02 |
750 | 1.06 | 1.39 | 1.69 | 2.07 | 3.17 |
780 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 1.19 | 1.45 | 2.22 |
Temperature (°C) | Fe in Magnetite (wt.%) | Fe in Siderite (wt.%) | Fe in Hematite (wt.%) | Fe in Silicate (wt.%) | Fe in Sulfide (wt.%) | Total (wt.%) | Standard Deviation | Magnetic Conversion Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raw ore | 0.21 | 19.58 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.23 | 21.42 | 0.0299 | 0.0 |
600 | 8.87 | 12.81 | 0.76 | 0.59 | 0.18 | 23.21 | 0.0294 | 0.39 |
650 | 17.92 | 6.12 | 0.56 | 0.63 | 0.12 | 25.35 | 0.0258 | 0.72 |
700 | 24.27 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.64 | 0.02 | 25.60 | 0.0275 | 0.97 |
750 | 25.83 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.64 | 0 | 26.74 | 0.0321 | 0.99 |
780 | 25.75 | 0 | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0 | 26.48 | 0.0327 | 1.00 |
Region A | Region B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Mass Percentage (%) | Atomic Percentage (%) | Element | Mass Percentage (%) | Atomic Percentage (%) |
O | 26.81 | 49.52 | O | 43.06 | 57.93 |
Fe | 62.6 | 32.84 | Si | 48.25 | 36.97 |
Si | 5.15 | 5.42 | Fe | 3.23 | 1.24 |
Mg | 0.87 | 1.05 | K | 2.03 | 1.12 |
Ca | 0.30 | 0.22 | Al | 3.43 | 2.74 |
Product Type | Yield (%) | Iron Grade (wt.%) | Iron Recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Concentrate | 28.79 | 62.80 | 68.83 |
Middling IV | 2.76 | 58.04 | 6.10 |
Middling III | 2.22 | 44.70 | 3.78 |
Middling II | 13.90 | 12.82 | 6.78 |
Middling I | 22.92 | 12.97 | 11.32 |
Tailings | 29.41 | 2.85 | 3.19 |
Roasted ore | 100.00 | 26.32 | 100 |
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Jiu, S.; Zhao, B.; Yang, C.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, F. High-Efficiency Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite via a Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting–Magnetic Separation Process: Kinetics Research and Applications. Materials 2022, 15, 6260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186260
Jiu S, Zhao B, Yang C, Chen Y, Cheng F. High-Efficiency Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite via a Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting–Magnetic Separation Process: Kinetics Research and Applications. Materials. 2022; 15(18):6260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186260
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiu, Shaowu, Bo Zhao, Chao Yang, Yanxin Chen, and Fuan Cheng. 2022. "High-Efficiency Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite via a Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting–Magnetic Separation Process: Kinetics Research and Applications" Materials 15, no. 18: 6260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186260