Minor Actinides Transmutation Performance in a Closed Th–U Cycle Based on Molten Chloride Salt Fast Reactor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. General Description of MCFR and Analysis Methodology
2.1. Reprocessing Schemes
2.2. Simulation Tool
2.3. Description of the Optimized MCFR
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Reactivity Varying at the Initial Critical
3.2. MA Transmutation without Reprocessing and Refueling
3.3. MA Transmutation with Online Reprocessing and Refueling
3.3.1. Evolution of keff and EALF
3.3.2. Evolution of Heavy Nuclides and Radiotoxicity
3.3.3. 233U Breeding Capability
3.3.4. MA Transmutation Capability
3.3.5. Safety Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | MCFR |
---|---|
Thermal power density (MWth/m3) | 100 |
Composition of fuel salt (mol%) | NaCl:(HM)Cl4 = 55:45 |
Enrichment of 37Cl (%) | 97 |
Temperature of fuel salt (K) | 923 |
Density of molten salt (g·cm3) | 3.60 |
Density of alloy (g·cm3) | 8.86 |
Density of B4C (g·cm3) | 2.52 |
Volume (m3) | 25 |
Thickness of graphite (cm) | 40 |
Thickness of B4C (cm) | 35 |
Thickness of blanket (cm) | 60 |
Thermal expansion (K−1) | −3.00 × 10−4 |
Nuclides | 237Np | 241Am | 243Am | 243Cm | 244Cm | 245Cm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ratio (%) | 56.20 | 26.40 | 12.00 | 0.03 | 5.11 | 0.26 |
MA Loading (%) | MA Transmutation Ratio (%) MA Incineration Ratio (%) | keff(BOL) | Life (Years) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
237Np | 241Am | 243Am | 243Cm | 244Cm | 245Cm | |||
0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.208 | 8 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |||
3 | 46.72 | 50.75 | 40.14 | −5.23 | −4.87 | −186.77 | 1.158 | 10 |
12.48 | 13.94 | 10.91 | −4.57 | −2.89 | −161.91 | |||
5 | 77.02 | 80.79 | 68.47 | 40.91 | 21.08 | −218.54 | 1.136 | 19 |
20.61 | 22.19 | 18.61 | 35.68 | 12.51 | −189.44 | |||
7.5 | 90.98 | 92.94 | 83.77 | 78.43 | 53.62 | −133.07 | 1.114 | 34 |
24.34 | 25.54 | 22.76 | 68.39 | 31.82 | −115.37 | |||
10 | 93.28 | 94.73 | 86.69 | 84.43 | 61.86 | −98.23 | 1.097 | 38 |
24.93 | 26.02 | 23.55 | 73.63 | 36.71 | −85.17 | |||
15 | 94.09 | 95.36 | 87.84 | 86.73 | 65.71 | −76.81 | 1.082 | 42 |
25.18 | 26.20 | 23.85 | 75.63 | 39.01 | −66.59 | |||
20 | 95.06 | 96.54 | 89.21 | 89.03 | 69.89 | −55.01 | 1.085 | 47 |
25.44 | 26.43 | 24.23 | 77.63 | 41.47 | −44.73 |
MA Loadings (%) | Mass of Nuclides (kg) | 233U Loadings (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
233U | 232Th | MA | ||
0 | 5.32 × 103 | 4.14 × 104 | ---- | 5.11 |
1 | 5.34 × 103 | 4.03 × 104 | 1.06 × 103 | 5.14 |
3 | 5.27 × 103 | 3.84 × 104 | 3.19 × 103 | 5.06 |
4 | 5.27 × 103 | 3.73 × 104 | 4.24 × 103 | 5.05 |
5 | 5.21 × 103 | 3.61 × 104 | 5.31 × 103 | 4.99 |
7 | 4.93 × 103 | 3.43 × 104 | 7.44 × 103 | 4.73 |
10 | 4.69 × 103 | 3.14 × 104 | 1.06 × 104 | 4.54 |
20 | 3.22 × 103 | 22.3 × 104 | 2.12 × 104 | 3.10 |
30 | 1.16 × 103 | 1.44 × 104 | 3.19 × 104 | 1.12 |
33.5 | ---- | 1.11 × 104 | 3.56 × 104 | 0.00 |
Nuclides | βI (pcm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 33.5 | |
233U | 291 | 291 | 290 | 290 | 288 |
237Np | 400 | 398 | 396 | 396 | 394 |
241Am | 136 | 135 | 135 | 134 | 134 |
243Am | 239 | 237 | 237 | 237 | 236 |
243Cm | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 |
244Cm | 131 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 129 |
245Cm | 177 | 176 | 175 | 175 | 175 |
235U | 669 | 668 | 668 | 667 | 665 |
MA Loadings | βeff (pcm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOL | Minimum | Maximum | Fluctuation | EQL | |
0% | 291 | 291 | 313 | 22 | 313 |
5% | 288 | 285 | 313 | 28 | 313 |
10% | 286 | 281 | 313 | 32 | 313 |
20% | 284 | 275 | 312 | 37 | 312 |
33.5% | 282 | 273 | 310 | 37 | 310 |
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He, L.; Chen, L.; Cui, Y.; Xia, S.; Zou, Y. Minor Actinides Transmutation Performance in a Closed Th–U Cycle Based on Molten Chloride Salt Fast Reactor. Materials 2022, 15, 8555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238555
He L, Chen L, Cui Y, Xia S, Zou Y. Minor Actinides Transmutation Performance in a Closed Th–U Cycle Based on Molten Chloride Salt Fast Reactor. Materials. 2022; 15(23):8555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238555
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Liaoyuan, Liang Chen, Yong Cui, Shaopeng Xia, and Yang Zou. 2022. "Minor Actinides Transmutation Performance in a Closed Th–U Cycle Based on Molten Chloride Salt Fast Reactor" Materials 15, no. 23: 8555. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238555