Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint AA7020/AA5083 with Different Joining Parameters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Experimental Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Macro and Microstructural Investigation
3.2. Microhardness Behavior
3.3. Tensile Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Tool Rotational Speed
4.2. Efect of Tool Traverse Speed
5. Conclusions
- Incorrect selection of the welding speed and rotational speed of the tool leads to the formation of tunnel defects and wormhole defects, which were revealed despite the correct looking joint surfaces. The lack of bonding on the top surface of the joints was observed only in the case of the highest tool rotational speed (1200 rpm) and the highest welding speed (300 mm/min).
- The microscopic observations showed that complete mixing of the materials in the joint was not achieved for the tested alloys. Nevertheless, the strength properties were satisfactory and comparable to the weaker material in the joint: UTS = 303 MPa, YS = 157 MPa, and A = 11.6%.
- It was observed that there was no decrease in the hardness of the base materials in all heat affected-zones for both alloys and three profiles. Regardless of the position of the measuring line, a hardening process occurred in the welding region, and the Vickers micro-hardness for AA7020 alloy in the nugget zone reached values above 110 HV0.1.
- The best obtained 7020/5083 FSW joints showed up to 98% joint efficiency with the viewpoint of ultimate tensile strength weaker material in the joint (5083-H111) and exhibited almost 12% elongation, which exceeds the elongation of the base material (7020-T651).
- These studies show that the main parameters of the FSW process (tool rotational speed and tool traverse speed) cannot be considered separately, and their mutual influence on each other is difficult to describe with a simple relationship, especially concerning dissimilar joints. Motivated by the increase in productivity, the increase in the feed speed while maintaining a constant heat input ratio did not ensure obtaining the correct FSW joint.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy | Al | Mg | Mn | Si | Fe | Cr | Zn | Ti | Cu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA5083 | Bal. | 4.34 | 0.63 | 0.076 | 0.13 | 0.064 | 0.035 | 0.055 | 0.032 |
AA7020 | Bal. | 1.30 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 4.7 | 0.034 | 0.05 |
Alloy | Tensile Strength (MPa) | 0.2% Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Microhardness Hv0.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AA5083-H111 | 310 | 165 | 20.2 | 82 |
AA7020-T651 | 390 | 300 | 8.6 | 107 |
Processing Parameter | Tool Rotational Speed, ω (rpm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
400 | 800 | 1200 | ||
Tool traverse speed, v (mm/min) | 100 | A7A5-1-4 | A7A5-1-8 | A7A5-1-12 |
200 | A7A5-2-4 | A7A5-2-8 | A7A5-2-12 | |
300 | A7A5-3-4 | A7A5-3-8 | A7A5-3-12 |
Sample Designation | Surface Morphology | FSW Joints Macrostructure |
---|---|---|
A7A5–1–4 | ||
A7A5–1–8 | ||
A7A5–1–12 | ||
A7A5–2–4 | ||
A7A5–2–8 | ||
A7A5–2–12 | ||
A7A5–3–4 | ||
A7A5–3–8 |
Sample Designation | Tensile Strength (MPa) | 0.2% Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Weld Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A7A5-1-4 | 294 (±3.2) | 155 (±1) | 10.4 (±1.7) | 95 |
A7A5-1-8 | 296 (±6.1) | 154 (±3.5) | 11.7 (±0.8) | 95 |
A7A5-1-12 | 295 (±0.1) | 154 (±0.6) | 10.9 (±0.2) | 95 |
A7A5-2-4 | 267 (±25) | 152 (±1.7) | 7.5 (±4.5) | 86 |
A7A5-2-8 | 303 (±1.8) | 157 (±1.1) | 11.6 (±0.2) | 98 |
A7A5-2-12 | 256.6 (±7.8) | 164 (±0.5) | 4.2 (±0.3) | 83 |
A7A5-3-4 | 123 (±24) | 71 (±26.2) | 0.95 (±0.05) | 40 |
A7A5-3-8 | 254 (±47.7) | 165 (±0.7) | 5 (±3.6) | 82 |
Sample Designation v-ω | A5A7-1-4 | A5A7-1-8 | A5A7-1-12 | A5A7-2-4 | A5A7-2-8 | A5A7-2-12 | A5A7-3-4 | A5A7-3-8 | A5A7-3-12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heat Input Ratio | 4 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 4 |
Heat Input Index | 0.16 | 0.64 | 1.44 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.72 | 0.053 | 0.213 | 0.48 |
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Torzewski, J.; Łazińska, M.; Grzelak, K.; Szachogłuchowicz, I.; Mierzyński, J. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint AA7020/AA5083 with Different Joining Parameters. Materials 2022, 15, 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051910
Torzewski J, Łazińska M, Grzelak K, Szachogłuchowicz I, Mierzyński J. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint AA7020/AA5083 with Different Joining Parameters. Materials. 2022; 15(5):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051910
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorzewski, Janusz, Magdalena Łazińska, Krzysztof Grzelak, Ireneusz Szachogłuchowicz, and Janusz Mierzyński. 2022. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint AA7020/AA5083 with Different Joining Parameters" Materials 15, no. 5: 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051910