Hot Deformation Behavior of the 25CrMo4 Steel Using a Modified Arrhenius Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Flow Stress Behavior
3.2. Microstructure Evolution
3.3. Constitutive Modeling
3.3.1. The Arrhenius Model
3.3.2. The Modified Arrhenius Model
4. Evaluation of Constitutive Models
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Symbol | Meaning |
, | material constant |
true strain | |
true stress (MPa) | |
strain rate (s−1) | |
thermal activation energy (KJ/mol) | |
T | deformation temperature (K) |
R | molar gas constant (8.314 J/mol−1 K−1) |
, | material constant |
, | material constant |
material constant | |
Zener–Hollomon parameter | |
EBSD | electron backscatter diffraction |
DRV | dynamic recovery |
DRX | dynamic recrystallization |
WH | work hardening |
HAGB | high angle grain boundaries |
LAGB | low angle grain boundaries |
AARE | average absolute relative error |
ARE | absolute relative error |
R2 | correlation coefficient |
Appendix A. Calibration of Parameters in the Arrhenius Model
Appendix A.1. Determination of Value
Appendix A.2. Determination of , , and Values
Appendix A.3. Compensation of Strain
References
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Composition | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | V | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.76 | 1.16 | 0.046 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.028 | Bal. |
= 0.0184 | = 6.1621 | = 511.1411 | = 43.9527 |
= −0.1158 | = 16.8757 | = −1024.7073 | = −93.4998 |
= 0.7315 | = −296.3931 | = −2723.1523 | = −263.5114 |
= −2.3344 | = 1267.1775 | = 23,762.0810 | = 2291.8961 |
= 4.0344 | = −2444.6079 | = −51,856.9870 | = −5058.5514 |
= −3.5676 | = 2245.9866 | = 48,497.5153 | = 4789.2922 |
= 1.2572 | = −798.4857 | = −16,925.7731 | = −1692.2681 |
0.0184 | 6.0207 | 0.0017 | −3446 | 511.1411 | 43.9527 |
−0.1158 | 27.9892 | −0.0775 | 157,067 | −1024.7073 | −93.4998 |
0.7315 | −479.4327 | 0.7093 | −1,560,050 | −2723.1523 | −263.5114 |
−2.3344 | 2227.0571 | −2.7677 | 646,9630 | 23,762.0810 | 2291.8961 |
4.0344 | −4589.6447 | 5.1572 | −12,619,300 | −51,856.9870 | −5058.5514 |
−3.5676 | 4441.0982 | −4.6305 | 11,757,800 | 48,497.5153 | 4789.2922 |
1.2572 | −1646.5750 | 1.6161 | −4,233,770 | −16,925.7731 | −1692.2681 |
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Xu, H.; Tian, T.; Zhang, J.; Niu, L.; Zhu, H.; Wang, X.; Zhang, Q. Hot Deformation Behavior of the 25CrMo4 Steel Using a Modified Arrhenius Model. Materials 2022, 15, 2820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082820
Xu H, Tian T, Zhang J, Niu L, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Hot Deformation Behavior of the 25CrMo4 Steel Using a Modified Arrhenius Model. Materials. 2022; 15(8):2820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082820
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Hongtu, Tiantai Tian, Jiahao Zhang, Liqun Niu, Hongbin Zhu, Xingtao Wang, and Qi Zhang. 2022. "Hot Deformation Behavior of the 25CrMo4 Steel Using a Modified Arrhenius Model" Materials 15, no. 8: 2820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082820