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Volume 15
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10.3390/ma15082906
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Review

Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect

by
Jakub Litak
1,
Wojciech Czyzewski
1,2,
Michał Szymoniuk
1,
Bartlomiej Pastuszak
1,
Joanna Litak
3,
Grzegorz Litak
4,
Cezary Grochowski
5,*,
Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah
6 and
Piotr Kamieniak
1
1
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
3
Centrum Onkologii Ziemi Lubelskiej, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
5
Laboratory of Virtual Man, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
6
Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2906; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082906
Submission received: 4 December 2021 / Revised: 3 April 2022 / Accepted: 12 April 2022 / Published: 15 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Applications of Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite possesses desirable properties as a scaffold in tissue engineering: it is biocompatible at a site of implantation, and it is degradable to non-toxic products. Moreover, its porosity enables infiltration of cells, nutrients and waste products. The outcome of hydroxyapatite implantation highly depends on the extent of the host immune response. Authors emphasise major roles of the chemical, morphological and physical properties of the surface of biomaterial used. A number of techniques have been applied to transform the theoretical osteoconductive features of HAp into spinal fusion systems—from integration of HAp with autograft to synthetic intervertebral implants. The most popular uses of HAp in spine surgery include implants (ACDF), bone grafts in posterolateral lumbar fusion and transpedicular screws coating. In the past, autologous bone graft has been used as an intervertebral cage in ACDF. Due to the morbidity related to autograft harvesting from the iliac bone, a synthetic cage with osteoconductive material such as hydroxyapatite seems to be a good alternative. Regarding posterolateral lumbar fusion, it requires the graft to induce new bone growth and reinforce fusion between the vertebrae. Hydroxyapatite formulations have shown good results in that field. Moreover, the HAp coating has proven to be an efficient method of increasing screw fixation strength. It can decrease the risk of complications such as screw loosening after pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this literature review is to describe in vivo reaction to HAp implants and to summarise its current application in spine surgery.
Keywords: HAp; hydroxyapatite; spine; surgery HAp; hydroxyapatite; spine; surgery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Litak, J.; Czyzewski, W.; Szymoniuk, M.; Pastuszak, B.; Litak, J.; Litak, G.; Grochowski, C.; Rahnama-Hezavah, M.; Kamieniak, P. Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect. Materials 2022, 15, 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082906

AMA Style

Litak J, Czyzewski W, Szymoniuk M, Pastuszak B, Litak J, Litak G, Grochowski C, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Kamieniak P. Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect. Materials. 2022; 15(8):2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082906

Chicago/Turabian Style

Litak, Jakub, Wojciech Czyzewski, Michał Szymoniuk, Bartlomiej Pastuszak, Joanna Litak, Grzegorz Litak, Cezary Grochowski, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, and Piotr Kamieniak. 2022. "Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect" Materials 15, no. 8: 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082906

APA Style

Litak, J., Czyzewski, W., Szymoniuk, M., Pastuszak, B., Litak, J., Litak, G., Grochowski, C., Rahnama-Hezavah, M., & Kamieniak, P. (2022). Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect. Materials, 15(8), 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082906

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