Development of Low Shrinkage Curing Techniques for Unsaturated Polyester and Vinyl Ester Reinforced Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Preparation of Dumbbell-Shaped Mold for Reinforce Composite
2.1.2. Characterization of UPE and VE Reinforced Matrix Cured under Air and CO2
2.1.3. DSC Evaluation
2.1.4. Tensile Strength
2.1.5. Flexural Strength Test
2.1.6. Flexural Modulus Assessment
2.1.7. Contact Angle
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Molding and Cured Shrinkage Analysis
3.1.1. Effect of Air and CO2 Curing on Resin Gel Time and Exotherm
3.1.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis
3.1.3. Thermal Stability
3.1.4. Contact Angle and Water Absorption Comparison of Air- and CO2-Cured Specimens
4. Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength of UPE and VE
Flexural Properties
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | A | B | C | D | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion (vol.%) | |||||
MEKP | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
UPE and VE | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Air | Ambient condition | ||||
CO2 | 99.99% |
MEKP (Conc.) | Air Cured UPE | CO2 Cured UPE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
| | | | | | |
Heat (J/g) | 2 | 0.893 | 1.932 | 2.4 | 1.126 | 2.334 |
T (°C) | 57.4–103 | 49.2–75.5 | 30–68 | 57–84 | 40–80 | 33–69.7 |
Time (min) | 9.3–18.4 | 7.6–12.9 | 4.4–11.4 | 9.1–16.5 | 6.8–14.2 | 5.7–11.6 |
Peak Max (°C/min) | 69/11.6 | 60.8/9.9 | 38/5.4 | 68.3/12 | 56.4/10.2 | 37/6.1 |
Peak Hight (mW) | −0.122 | −0.103 | −0.232 | −0.113 | −0.45 | −0.195 |
Heat (J/g) | Air Cured VE | CO2 Cured VE | ||||
| | | | | | |
1.705 | 0.92 | 1.806 | 1.851 | 0.98 | 1.87 | |
T (°C) | 62–101 | 28–66 | 46.4–72.2 | 65–110 | 29–73 | 51–80 |
Time (min) | 10.3–18 | 3.7–10.9 | 7–12.2 | 10.9–19.5 | 4–13.1 | 8.1–14.7 |
Peak Max (°C/min) | 80.1/13.8 | 33.4/4.6 | 60/9.7 | 80/15.8 | 36/5.7 | 60/13.8 |
Peak Height (mW) | −0.101 | −0.068 | −0.52 | −0.105 | −0.108 | −0.104 |
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Moujdin, I.A.; Totah, H.S.; Abulkhair, H.A.; Alsaiari, A.O.; Shaiban, A.A.; Organji, H.A. Development of Low Shrinkage Curing Techniques for Unsaturated Polyester and Vinyl Ester Reinforced Composites. Materials 2022, 15, 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15092972
Moujdin IA, Totah HS, Abulkhair HA, Alsaiari AO, Shaiban AA, Organji HA. Development of Low Shrinkage Curing Techniques for Unsaturated Polyester and Vinyl Ester Reinforced Composites. Materials. 2022; 15(9):2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15092972
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoujdin, Iqbal Ahmed, Husam Saber Totah, Hani Abdulelah Abulkhair, Abdulmohsen Omar Alsaiari, Amer Ahmed Shaiban, and Hussam Adnan Organji. 2022. "Development of Low Shrinkage Curing Techniques for Unsaturated Polyester and Vinyl Ester Reinforced Composites" Materials 15, no. 9: 2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15092972