Effect of Laser Micro-Texturing on Laser Joining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Composites to TC4 Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedure
2.3. Analysis Methods
2.4. Finite Element Simulation
2.4.1. Establishment of Heat Transfer Model
2.4.2. Establishment of Finite Element Model
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Basic Characteristics and Analysis of Temperature Field
3.2. Effect of Micro-Textures on Temperature Field of Joint
3.3. Reliability Verification of Finite Element Model
3.4. Effect of Micro-Textures on Mechanical Properties of Joints
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The finite element simulation results of the temperature field show that two temperature peaks appear at the nodes on the weld centerline of the TC4 alloy surface due to the periodic rotary heating of the TC4 alloy by the laser beam, and that the temperature of each node changes with time in the form of broken line oscillation. The temperature change trend of the nodes on the center line of the weld on the CFRTS surface is basically the same as that on the TC4 alloy surface. However, due to the fast rotation speed of the laser, the heat is gradually homogenized when it is transferred downward, and there are no two obvious temperature peaks at each node on the CFRTS surface.
- (2)
- Considering the finite element model of laser micro-textures, the isothermal line of the PA6 interface is not smoothly distributed, and the temperature along the weld center line changes in an oscillating form. Without considering the micro-textures of the finite element model, the PA6 interface isotherm distribution smoothed along the weld center line direction of the temperature change smoothly. Micro-textures cause a change in heat input on the surface of CFRTS, and the smaller the micro-textures, the higher the heat input on the surface of CFRTS. This is because the micro-texture groove increases the contact area between TC4 alloy and PA6 resin, which is conducive to heat conduction.
- (3)
- When the micro-texture scanning spacing is 0.3 mm, the bonding strength of the joint is the highest, about 14.3 MPa. The interlocking structure formed by CFRTS and titanium alloy at the interface is an important reason for the significant improvement in joint strength. At the highest bonding strength, the failure mode of the joint is the cohesive failure of carbon fiber tearing in CFRTS and the interfacial failure of PA6 resin and TC4 alloy.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Thermal Conductivity (W·m−1·°C−1) | Specific Heat (J·kg−1·°C−1) | Density (g·cm−3) |
---|---|---|---|
Epoxy resin | 0.2 | 550 | 1200 |
T300 | 10.5 | 795.5 | 1760 |
PA6 | 0.25 | 2500 | 1150 |
Temperature (°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W·m−1·°C−1) | Specific Heat (J·kg−1·°C−1) | Density (g·cm−3) |
---|---|---|---|
25 | 7.0 | 546 | 4420 |
200 | 8.75 | 584 | 4395 |
600 | 14.2 | 673 | 4336 |
1000 | 18.3 | 641 | 4282 |
1400 | 24.6 | 714 | 4225 |
1650 | 28.4 | 759 | 4189 |
P (W) | V (mm·s−1) | D (mm) | a (mm) | r (mm) | Pn (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
95 | 50 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.15 | 0.8 |
d (mm) | l1 (mm) | l2 (mm) | h (mm) | w (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.072 | 0.116 | 0.095 | 0.047 |
0.3 | 0.211 | 0.298 | 0.096 | 0.049 |
0.5 | 0.423 | 0.497 | 0.093 | 0.045 |
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Jiao, J.; Xu, J.; Jing, C.; Cheng, X.; Wu, D.; Ru, H.; Zeng, K.; Sheng, L. Effect of Laser Micro-Texturing on Laser Joining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Composites to TC4 Alloy. Materials 2023, 16, 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010270
Jiao J, Xu J, Jing C, Cheng X, Wu D, Ru H, Zeng K, Sheng L. Effect of Laser Micro-Texturing on Laser Joining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Composites to TC4 Alloy. Materials. 2023; 16(1):270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010270
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao, Junke, Jihao Xu, Chenghu Jing, Xiangyu Cheng, Di Wu, Haolei Ru, Kun Zeng, and Liyuan Sheng. 2023. "Effect of Laser Micro-Texturing on Laser Joining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Composites to TC4 Alloy" Materials 16, no. 1: 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010270