Evaluation of Flexible Central Buckles on Short Suspenders’ Corrosion Fatigue Degradation on a Suspension Bridge under Traffic Load
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Prototype Bridge
2.1. Bridge Information
2.2. Finite Element (FE) Model
3. Corrosion Fatigue of Suspender Steel Wire
3.1. Corrosion Fatigue Mechanism
3.2. Uniform Corrosion and Pitting Corrosion
3.3. Corrosion Fatigue Crack
4. Traffic-Induced Stress Responses of Suspenders
4.1. Vehicle Bridge System
4.2. Traffic Load Simulation
5. Numerical Analysis
5.1. Analysis Conditions
5.2. Evaluation Process
5.3. Result Discussion
6. Conclusions
- The intensity of traffic flow greatly influences the stress response of suspenders. The bending stress of short suspenders is considerably greater than that of long suspenders. The setting of flexible central buckles can effectively reduce the peak value of bending stress, but when the number of central buckles exceeds two, the increase in number does not remarkably weaken the bending stress. In addition, the buckles can share the axial stress of the suspender between inclined cables, and the weakening effect is affected by the setting position.
- According to numerical analysis results, the fatigue life of short suspender wires under traffic load is remarkably lower than that of the other suspenders due to large bending stress (about 27–35 years). The setting of buckles can effectively reduce the equivalent bending stress amplitude, but the equivalent axial stress amplitude does not remarkably decrease. The improved stress state of the short suspenders considerably extends the fatigue life of the steel wires under traffic flow (about 174–179 years); by contrast, the increase in the number of buckles has a minimal effect on steel wire life and extreme stress values.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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L/8 | 3L/8 | L/2 | 5L/8 | 7L/8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured Value (mm) | 175 | 606 | 1093 | 615 | 180 |
FE model (mm) | 181 | 624 | 1120 | 630 | 185 |
Error (%) | 0.03 | 0.03 | −2.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Nominal Diameter (mm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Coating Quality (g/cm2) | Coating Depth (μm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galfan steel wire | 5.25 | 1926 | 1775 | 2.08 | 337 | 31.05 |
Condition | Description | Schematic |
---|---|---|
N-C | No central buckle | |
F-C-1 | Single flexible central buckle | |
F-C-2 | Double flexible central buckles | |
F-C-3 | Three flexible central buckles | |
Suspender Number (Length) | Analysis Condition | Maximum Bending Stress (MPa) | Equivalent Bending Stress (MPa) | Equivalent Axial Stress (MPa) | Fatigue Life (Year) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
μ | σ | Confidence Intervals (95% CI) | |||||
24 (2.75 m) | N-C | 208.31 | 37.30 | 10.23 | 35.2 | 5.51 | (34.3,36.1) |
F-C-1 | 70.52 | 14.19 | 9.60 | 179.3 | 19.31 | (176.2,182.4) | |
F-C-2 | 54.14 | 11.38 | 9.51 | 178.5 | 19.54 | (175.4,181.6) | |
F-C-3 | 54.67 | 12.46 | 9.45 | 181.3 | 19.59 | (178.2,184.4) | |
25 (2.45 m) | N-C | 238.91 | 44.32 | 9.63 | 27.6 | 3.29 | (27.1,28.1) |
F-C-1 | 77.16 | 15.68 | 10.12 | 177.8 | 19.32 | (174.7,180.9) | |
F-C-2 | 50.81 | 11.62 | 10.33 | 177.9 | 20.39 | (174.6,181.2) | |
F-C-3 | 50.79 | 11.81 | 9.38 | 181.1 | 20.10 | (177.9,184.3) | |
26 (2.41 m) | N-C | 274.10 | 46.66 | 10.03 | 27.2 | 3.58 | (26.6,27.8) |
F-C-1 | 72.17 | 14.38 | 10.17 | 174.2 | 19.49 | (171.1,177.3) | |
F-C-2 | 50.68 | 11.93 | 8.98 | 178.1 | 21.35 | (174.7,181.5) | |
F-C-3 | 46.85 | 12.07 | 9.30 | 179.4 | 20.60 | (176.1,182.7) |
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Zhao, Y.; Guo, X.; Su, B.; Sun, Y.; Li, X. Evaluation of Flexible Central Buckles on Short Suspenders’ Corrosion Fatigue Degradation on a Suspension Bridge under Traffic Load. Materials 2023, 16, 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010290
Zhao Y, Guo X, Su B, Sun Y, Li X. Evaluation of Flexible Central Buckles on Short Suspenders’ Corrosion Fatigue Degradation on a Suspension Bridge under Traffic Load. Materials. 2023; 16(1):290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010290
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Yue, Xuelian Guo, Botong Su, Yamin Sun, and Xiaolong Li. 2023. "Evaluation of Flexible Central Buckles on Short Suspenders’ Corrosion Fatigue Degradation on a Suspension Bridge under Traffic Load" Materials 16, no. 1: 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010290