Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation Characteristics in Entangled Metallic Wire Materials by Acoustic Emission
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. EMWM Specimens
3. Experimental Methods
3.1. Experimental Setup
3.2. Characteristics of Acoustic Emission Sensor
3.3. Data Processing
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Linear Characteristics
4.2. Frequency Response Characteristics
- (1)
- The frequency response curves of the wave passing ratio exhibit a distinct single peak feature, with the peak occurring around 14 kHz. The varying parameters of pre-compression force, porosity, wire diameter, helix diameter, specimen height, and layered structure do not have a significant influence on the peak frequency. The peak frequency remains consistently within the range of 13 to 15 kHz.
- (2)
- The amplitude of the wave passing ratio at the peak frequency for different parameter settings is reported to be less than 0.18. The value is approximately two to three times the amplitude observed in the frequency range before and after the peak. This result suggests that EMWMs exhibit good wave isolation characteristics and the influence of the single peak on the response appears to be relatively small. The observed trend of the pre-peak frequency range (4 kHz to 13 kHz) has a significantly higher wave passing ratio compared to the post-peak frequency range (15 kHz to 21 kHz), at approximately twice the magnitude. This result indicates that the wave isolation efficiency of EMWMs is better in the high-frequency region compared to the low-frequency region of the acoustic range.
- (3)
- Based on the experimental results of specimens with different parameters, it can be observed that the increase in pre-compression force leads to an increase in wave passing ratio. The increase in wire diameter leads to a decrease in wave passing ratio. The increase in helix diameter leads to a decrease in wave passing ratio. The increase in porosity results in a decrease in wave passing ratio. The increase in sample height leads to a decrease in wave passing ratio. The effect of the layered structure sample on wave passing ratio is not significant. Among them, the parameter of porosity has the greatest influence on the wave propagation capability of EMWMs. An increase in porosity of 15% results in a 27% decrease in the response.
5. Numerical Simulation Reproduction
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- Under acoustic frequency and small-amplitude excitation, the wave passing ratio of the EMWM is not affected by the amplitude of the waves. It exhibits approximate linear characteristics with a fluctuation coefficient of no more than 15%. It indicates that the contact status between the wires does not affect the mechanical properties of this material.
- (2)
- The frequency response curves of the wave passing ratio in EMWMs exhibit a distinct single peak at around 14 kHz, and the peak values for different parameters are all below 0.18. Compared to aluminum alloy and natural rubber, EMWM is an excellent acoustic frequency vibration isolation material with superior performance.
- (3)
- The wave passing ratio in EMWMs is influenced by design parameters such as pre-compression force, porosity, wire diameter, helix diameter, and specimen height. Among these parameters, porosity has the greatest impact. When applying EMWMs for acoustic frequency vibration isolation, careful consideration of the porosity parameter should be required in the design process.
- (4)
- The finite element model of EMWMs, which merges the contact points between wires, successfully reproduces the frequency response curve characteristics and parameter influences observed in the experiment. However, further research is required to investigate the differences in numerical value between the simulated and experimental results.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Group | Porosity | Wire Diameter /mm | Helix Diameter /mm | Specimen Diameter/mm | Specimen Height/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 10 |
2 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 1.5 | 20 | 10 |
3 | 0.77 | 0.25 | 1.5 | 20 | 10 |
4 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.0 | 20 | 10 |
5 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 20 | 10 |
6 | 0.83 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 10 |
7 | 0.72 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 10 |
8 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 20 |
9 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 30 |
10 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 40 |
11 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 2 |
12 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 20 | 4 |
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Ma, Y.; Liang, T.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Hong, J. Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation Characteristics in Entangled Metallic Wire Materials by Acoustic Emission. Materials 2023, 16, 4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134723
Ma Y, Liang T, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Hong J. Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation Characteristics in Entangled Metallic Wire Materials by Acoustic Emission. Materials. 2023; 16(13):4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134723
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Yanhong, Tianyu Liang, Yongfeng Wang, Qicheng Zhang, and Jie Hong. 2023. "Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation Characteristics in Entangled Metallic Wire Materials by Acoustic Emission" Materials 16, no. 13: 4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134723