Feasibility Analysis of Polyurethane-Prepolymer-Modified Bitumen Used for Fully Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.1.1. Virgin Asphalt
2.1.2. Polyurethane Prepolymer
2.1.3. Chain Extender
2.1.4. Compatibilizer
2.1.5. RAP Mixture
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.2.1. Preparation Methods of Bitumen
2.2.2. Mixing Method of FRAP Mixture
2.3. Test Methods
2.3.1. Brookfield Rotational Viscosity Test
2.3.2. Tensile Property Test
2.3.3. The Marshall Test
2.3.4. Segregation Test
2.3.5. Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test
3. Results
3.1. Design of Raw Materials Parameters
3.1.1. PUP and Chain Extender
Primary Selection of the Chain Extender Content
Principles and Methods for PUP and Chain Extender Content Determination
PUP and Chain Extender Content Determination
3.1.2. Compatibilizer
3.2. Study on Rheological Properties of PPB
3.2.1. Frequency Sweep Test Results
3.2.2. Temperature Sweep TEST results
3.3. Study on Tensile Properties of PPB
3.4. Economic Cost Impact Evaluation
4. Conclusions
- (a)
- The PPB was obtained by chemical synthesis containing simply raw materials whose preparation process has the advantages of relatively low shearing temperature, short time, and good compatibility between virgin asphalt and modifiers. The appropriate formula of PPB binder is determined, i.e., virgin asphalt binder: PUP: chain extender: compatibilizer = 100:60:15.6:3;
- (b)
- In terms of the rheological properties, the addition of PUP significantly improved the elastic recovery performance, high-temperature permanent deformation resistance, and temperature sensitivity of asphalt but weakened the influence on fatigue resistance;
- (c)
- The great tensile properties of the PPB binder result from the crosslinking network structure formed by PUP resin curing. The network structure makes asphalt has better pavement performance which is conducive to forming strength;
- (d)
- The PPB mixtures containing 100% RAP show potential cost-saving benefits compared to epoxy asphalt mixtures. The unit price of PPB binder is 77.30% of that of epoxy asphalt binder, and the utilization of RAP further reduces the cost of raw materials. This demonstrates its suitability for fully reclaimed asphalt pavement applications, where the application of recycled materials is maximized.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Units | Measured Value | Requirement | Specification |
---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration | 0.1 mm | 80.3 | 80~100 | T 0604-2011 |
Softening point | °C | 48.4 | ≥46 | T 0606-2011 |
Ductility (15 °C) | cm | 143 | ≥100 | T 0605-2011 |
Viscosity (135 °C) | mPa·s | 413 | Measured records | T 0620-2011 |
Mass loss after TFOT | % | −0.69 | ≤±0.8 | T 0610-2011 |
Properties | Units | Results |
---|---|---|
Appearance | / | Transparent |
Viscosity (25 °C) | mPa·s | 2200~3200 |
Density | g/cm3 | 1.05~1.10 |
–NCO content | % | 10.20~11.20 |
Properties | Units | Results |
---|---|---|
Appearance | / | Dark amber liquid |
Molecular formula | / | C30H30N2 |
Molecular weight | / | 310.48 |
Density | g/cm3 | 0.99 |
Purity | % | 98.70 |
MDA content | % | 0.01 |
Moisture content | % | 0.018 |
Properties | Units | Results |
Appearance | / | White powder crystal |
Melting point | °C | 54 |
Boiling point | °C | 202 |
Density | g/cm3 | 1.48 |
No. | Tensile Strength/MPa | Elongation at Break/% | Tensile Modulus/MPa |
---|---|---|---|
PUP-22 | 5.14 ± 0.46 | 315.59 ± 32.67 | 16.70 ± 3.00 |
PUP-24 | 8.47 ± 0.68 | 255.03 ± 6.95 | 28.61 ± 7.03 |
PUP-26 | 8.72 ± 0.37 | 252.82 ± 39.16 | 33.37 ± 3.85 |
PUP-28 | 9.73 ± 0.77 | 249.96 ± 29.45 | 34.78 ± 0.67 |
PUP-30 | 10.42 ± 0.27 | 243.28 ± 40.33 | 40.46 ± 3.45 |
PUP-32 | 10.81 ± 0.50 | 218.32 ± 26.19 | 42.60 ± 8.06 |
Materials Types | Raw Materials | Formulation |
---|---|---|
Asphalt binder type | Virgin asphalt 498 $/t; PUP 2950 $/t; Chain extender 7669 $/t; Compatibilizer 1401 $/t; Epoxy resin 4268 $/t; Curing agent 5014 $/t; SBS 108.38 $/t; Crumb rubber 25.36 $/t. | PPB: virgin asphalt: PUP: chain extender: compatibilizer = 100:60:15.6:3; Epoxy asphalt: virgin asphalt: epoxy resin: curing agent = 100:58:42; SBS MA: virgin asphalt: SBS = 100:5; Crumb rubber MA: virgin asphalt: crumb rubber = 100:14. |
Mixture type | PPB binder 1963.26 $/t; Aggregates 59 $/t; Mineral powder 23.6 $/t; RAP 0 $/t. | PPB/FRAP: 2.44%PPB, 97.56%RAP; PPB/AC-13: 5.66%PPB, 88.68%aggregates, 5.66%mineral powder; PPB/SMA-13: 5.66%PPB, 84.91%aggregates, 9.43%mineral powder. |
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Sun, M.; Wang, J.; Sun, H.; Hong, B. Feasibility Analysis of Polyurethane-Prepolymer-Modified Bitumen Used for Fully Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP). Materials 2023, 16, 5686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165686
Sun M, Wang J, Sun H, Hong B. Feasibility Analysis of Polyurethane-Prepolymer-Modified Bitumen Used for Fully Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP). Materials. 2023; 16(16):5686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165686
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Minggang, Jianling Wang, Hongpeng Sun, and Bin Hong. 2023. "Feasibility Analysis of Polyurethane-Prepolymer-Modified Bitumen Used for Fully Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP)" Materials 16, no. 16: 5686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165686