Numerical and Physical Modeling of Liquid Steel Asymmetric Behavior during Non-Isothermal Conditions in a Two-Strand Slab Tundish—“Butterfly Effect”
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tundish Description
3. Methodology
3.1. Physical Modeling
3.2. Mathematical Model
4. Results—Intermix Range Evolution
4.1. Model Validation—Adiabatic Conditions
4.2. Numerical Simulation—Influence of Heat Exchange between Liquid Steel and Environment
4.3. Numerical Simulations—Influence of Initial Liquid Steel Temperature
5. Results Discussion
6. Summary
- ▪
- The use of the proposed modified ladle shroud during casting via a two-strand slab tundish decreases the average velocity of the liquid steel flow by over 40%, changing the steel flow paths more and more in the horizontal direction.
- ▪
- The asymmetrical impact of the steel feeding stream at the bottom of the tundish favored the phenomenon of steel recirculation. Moreover, the higher the degree of molten steel reheating in the ladle furnace, the stronger the evolution of the recirculation structures in the tundish during the continuous steel casting process when the tundish is pouring via the proposed modified ladle shroud.
- ▪
- The residence time distribution curve type of F is useful to record the hydrodynamic structure’s evolution during the continuous casting process. From the obtained results, the maximum average time of mixing the steel is shorter by 77 s for the tundish pouring via a standard ladle shroud than that when an MLS is used. Moreover, the standard ladle shroud gives more stable conditions for all the considered thermal conditions for the liquid steel feeding stream.
- ▪
- Increasing the temperature of liquid steel in the ladle decreases the divergence in the mixing time between the outlets in the tundish with an MLS by over 50%. This tendency is lowered by up to 8% when the process of the natural exchange of heat between the molten steel and the lining of the tundish and the ladle, as well as the slag phase and the atmospheric air, is considered.
- ▪
- When a tundish is fed through this type of MLS, the momentum of the stream is slowed down, which creates the conditions for the emergence of an asymmetrical flow within the working tundish volume. This is particularly disadvantageous for multiple-outlet tundishes. Local asymmetry may evolve, thus deepening the issue of the asymmetric flow. In the presented work, the stronger evolution of recirculation structures at one side of the pouring zone reduced the influence of the asymmetric behavior of the feeding stream on the divergence in the mixing process—the system strives to achieve a state of equilibrium. Because the tundish works under turbulent conditions, it is obvious control hydrodynamic conditions should be used. Therefore, future investigations into the stability of hydrodynamic conditions using advanced flow control devices in a two-strand tundish with this type of modified ladle shroud are needed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case No. | Type of Ladle Shrouds | Heat Exchange between Tundish and Environment | Liquid Steel Delta T, K | Cooling Level of Liquid Steel in the Ladle, K |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SLS | not considered | 12 | 0 |
2 | SLS | not considered | 23 | 0 |
3 | SLS | not considered | 35 | 0 |
4 | MLS | not considered | 12 | 0 |
5 | MLS | not considered | 23 | 0 |
6 | MLS | not considered | 35 | 0 |
7 | SLS | considered | 12 | 0 |
8 | SLS | considered | 23 | 0 |
9 | SLS | considered | 35 | 0 |
10 | MLS | considered | 12 | 0 |
11 | MLS | considered | 23 | 0 |
12 | MLS | considered | 35 | 0 |
13 | SLS | considered | 12 | 10 |
14 | SLS | considered | 12 | 20 |
15 | SLS | considered | 23 | 10 |
16 | SLS | considered | 23 | 20 |
17 | SLS | considered | 35 | 10 |
18 | SLS | considered | 35 | 20 |
19 | MLS | considered | 12 | 10 |
20 | MLS | considered | 12 | 20 |
21 | MLS | considered | 23 | 10 |
22 | MLS | considered | 23 | 20 |
23 | MLS | considered | 35 | 10 |
24 | MLS | considered | 35 | 20 |
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Cwudziński, A.; Pieprzyca, J.; Merder, T. Numerical and Physical Modeling of Liquid Steel Asymmetric Behavior during Non-Isothermal Conditions in a Two-Strand Slab Tundish—“Butterfly Effect”. Materials 2023, 16, 6920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216920
Cwudziński A, Pieprzyca J, Merder T. Numerical and Physical Modeling of Liquid Steel Asymmetric Behavior during Non-Isothermal Conditions in a Two-Strand Slab Tundish—“Butterfly Effect”. Materials. 2023; 16(21):6920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216920
Chicago/Turabian StyleCwudziński, Adam, Jacek Pieprzyca, and Tomasz Merder. 2023. "Numerical and Physical Modeling of Liquid Steel Asymmetric Behavior during Non-Isothermal Conditions in a Two-Strand Slab Tundish—“Butterfly Effect”" Materials 16, no. 21: 6920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216920