Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. XRD Phase Analysis of Studied High Entropy Alloys
3.2. SEM Microstructure and EDS Chemical Composition Analysis of Studied High Entropy Alloys
3.3. Microhardness of Investigated HEAs
3.4. Corrosion Resistance Properties of Investigated HEAs
Sample | EOC vs. SCE (mV) | log|Z|f→0.01Hz (Ω∙cm2) | EBD vs. SCE (V) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hf_0 | −228 | 6.05 | ~5.00 | Present work |
Hf_5 | −270 | 5.54 | ~4.60 | Present work |
Hf_10 | −199 | 5.50 | ~5.50 | Present work |
Hf_15 | −170 | 5.59 | ~5.35 | Present work |
Hf_20 | −139 | 5.64 | ~5.45 | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)10Mo20 | ― | ― | ~6.18 | [29] |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)12.5Mo15 | ― | ― | ~6.11 | |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)15Mo10 | ― | ― | 5.57 | |
Ti15Mo | ― | ― | 5.50 | [39] |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)17.5Mo5 | ― | ― | 5.15 | [29] |
TiNbZrTa | ― | ― | 5.00 | [40] |
Ti15Mo | ― | ― | 4.51 | [41] |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)20 | ― | ― | 4.33 | [29] |
Titanium Grade 7 | ― | ― | 2.40 | [42] |
Ti6Al4V | ― | ― | 1.53 | [43] |
cp-Ti Grade 2 | ― | ― | 1.48 | |
Ti6Al7Nb | ― | ― | 1.38 | |
Ti13Nb13Zr | ― | ― | 1.25 | |
316L stainless steel | ― | ― | 0.96 | [44] |
Pure Ti | ― | ― | 0.50 | [42] |
Ti15Nb | ― | ― | 0.45 | [45] |
NiTi SMA | ― | ― | 0.45 | [46] |
Ti45Nb | ― | ― | 0.28 | [45] |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Composition | Abbreviation | δ (%) | ΔHmix (kJ∙mol−1) | ΔSmix (J·(mol·K)−1) | Δχ (eV) | VEC | Ω |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20 | Hf_0 | 5.46 | −1.76 | 13.38 | 0.282 | 4.80 (BCC) | 19.77 (multi-phase) |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)17.5Hf5 | Hf_5 | 5.42 | −1.24 | 14.35 | 0.274 | 4.75 (BCC) | 30.21 (multi-phase) |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)15Hf10 | Hf_10 | 5.37 | −0.70 | 14.68 | 0.263 | 4.70 (BCC) | 54.51 (multi-phase) |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)12.5Hf15 | Hf_15 | 5.29 | −0.16 | 14.72 | 0.251 | 4.65 (BCC) | 246.85 (multi-phase) |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)10Hf20 | Hf_20 | 5.19 | 0.40 | 14.53 | 0.235 | 4.60 (BCC) | 94.45 (multi-phase) |
Sample | Phase | Lattice Parameters a0, (Å) |
---|---|---|
Hf_0 | BCC1 | 3.2716(1) |
BCC2 | 3.2817(1) | |
Hf_5 | BCC1 | 3.2941(2) |
BCC2 | 3.3296(1) | |
Hf_10 | BCC1 | 3.3194(1) |
BCC2 | 3.3464(2) | |
Hf_15 | BCC1 | 3.3386(2) |
BCC2 | 3.3648(2) | |
Hf_20 | BCC1 | 3.3565(1) |
BCC2 | 3.3690(1) |
Studied Alloy | Elements | Ti | Ta | Nb | Zr | Mo | Hf | Phase Contribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hf_0 | Nominal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | ― | ― |
BCC1 | 12.9(2) | 26.2(4) | 24.7(4) | 8.2(2) | 25.5(4) | ― | 81(8)% | |
BCC2 | 8.4(1) | 15.9(4) | 20.6(1) | 45.6(6) | 9.5(3) | ― | 19(8)% | |
Hf_5 | Nominal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 5.0 | ― |
BCC1 | 13.3(2) | 23.7(8) | 26.9(1) | 10.6(6) | 21.5(2) | 3.9(3) | 67(8)% | |
BCC2 | 20.4(1) | 7.9(2) | 22.2(1) | 31.0(3) | 10.2(2) | 8.4(1) | 33(8)% | |
Hf_10 | Nominal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 10.0 | ― |
BCC1 | 12.6(1) | 28.0(3) | 26.0(1) | 8.5(2) | 18.4(1) | 6.5(2) | 67(7)% | |
BCC2 | 18.4(1) | 11.2(4) | 22.0(1) | 25.7(3) | 10.6(2) | 12.2(2) | 33(7)% | |
Hf_15 | Nominal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 15.0 | ― |
BCC1 | 12.2(1) | 26.2(3) | 22.5(1) | 7.2(1) | 15.8(1) | 16.0(2) | 68(10)% | |
BCC2 | 17.2(1) | 10.8(3) | 19.1(1) | 17.7(2) | 10.3(1) | 24.9(2) | 32(10)% | |
Hf_20 | Nominal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | ― |
BCC1 | 13.5(1) | 28.2(2) | 23.1(1) | 4.6(1) | 13.6(1) | 17.0(2) | 73(8)% | |
BCC2 | 20.2(1) | 12.6(3) | 19.0(1) | 9.7(1) | 9.6(1) | 28.9(3) | 27(8)% |
Sample | Microhardness [HV1] |
---|---|
Hf_0 | 512 (13) |
Hf_5 | 499 (14) |
Hf_10 | 502 (7) |
Hf_15 | 490 (9) |
Hf_20 | 482 (10) |
Sample | Microhardness [HV1] | Reference |
---|---|---|
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20 | 512(13) | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)15Hf10 | 502(7) | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)17.5Hf5 | 499(14) | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)12.5Hf15 | 490(9) | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)10Hf20 | 482(10) | Present work |
Ti20Ta20Nb20 (ZrHf)10Mo20 | 557 | [29] |
Ti20Ta20Nb20 (ZrHf)12.5Mo15 | 505 | |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)20 | 475 | |
Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrHf)17.5Mo5 | 469 | |
316L SS (laser cladded) | 467.8 | [31] |
Ti20Ta20Nb20 (ZrHf)15Mo10 | 427 | [29] |
Ti6Al4V (selective laser melted) | 390 | [32] |
Titanium Grade 4 (after SPD process) | 330 | [33] |
Titanium Grade 4 (in an initial state) | 170 | |
cp-Ti (after HPT) | 305 | [34] |
316L SS (additive manufactured) | 300 | [35] |
Lamellar bone | 88.8 | [36] |
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Glowka, K.; Zubko, M.; Gębura, S.; Świec, P.; Prusik, K.; Szklarska, M.; Stróż, D. Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys. Materials 2023, 16, 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041456
Glowka K, Zubko M, Gębura S, Świec P, Prusik K, Szklarska M, Stróż D. Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys. Materials. 2023; 16(4):1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041456
Chicago/Turabian StyleGlowka, Karsten, Maciej Zubko, Sandra Gębura, Paweł Świec, Krystian Prusik, Magdalena Szklarska, and Danuta Stróż. 2023. "Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys" Materials 16, no. 4: 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041456