Influence of Filler Material on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Materials and Welding
2.2. Metallographic and Microscopy
2.3. Mechanical Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dilution
3.2. Predictive Model
3.3. Microstructural Characterization
3.4. XRD Analysis
3.5. Mechanical Testing
3.5.1. Tensile Test
3.5.2. Hardness Test
4. Conclusions
- Both 410 and 310 filler materials can be successfully used for TIG welding of 430 ferritic stainless steel.
- The microstructure of the welds made using 410 filler were found to have ferrite, martensite, and austenite, and thus show a higher ratio. On the other hand, the welds made using 310 filler were found to have a reduced ratio, and an austenitic microstructure.
- Epitaxial growth was observed in the sample welded with 310 filler. However, no such growth was observed in the sample welded with the ferritic filler (410).
- Different behaviors are displayed by different alloy solidification modes and electrode compositions. These significantly affect the weld specimen’s hardness and tensile strength. Higher ratios result in the ferritic mode, where the austenite-dominated (310 filler) phase was significantly outperformed by the ferrite-dominated (410 filler) phase in terms of mechanical properties.
- The tensile strength was found to be higher in samples welded with 410 filler as compared to those welded with 310 filler.
- The hardness of the 410 weld samples was higher than the 310 weld samples. This is due to the formation of δ ferrite in the weld zone.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Composition (wt. %) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Fe | PREN | ||||
430 (BM) | 0.08 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 16.28 | 0 | 0.13 | Balance | 16.96 | 2.82 | 6.01 | 16.28 |
410 Filler | 0.06 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 17.01 | 0.05 | 5.23 | Balance | 18.49 | 7.44 | 2.48 | 17.16 |
310 Filler | 0.1 | 0.49 | 1.5 | 26.10 | 0 | 21.5 | Balance | 26.98 | 25.25 | 1.06 | 26.01 |
S. No. | Sample Specification | Current (I) | Voltage (V) | Welding Speed (S) | Heat Input (HI) | Filler Diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | BM (430) welded with 310 filler | 110 | 20 | 3.8 | 0.347 | 2.14 |
2 | BM (430) welded with 410 filler | 110 | 20 | 3.4 | 0.388 | 2.14 |
S. No. | Sample Specification | ABF/mm2 | AWD/mm2 | DL % = (ABF/AWD) × 100 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | BM (430) welded with 310 filler | 12.26 | 36.20 | 33.86 |
2 | BM (430) welded with 410 filler | 15.10 | 35.10 | 43.01 |
Sample | Unmixed Zone Length (µm) | HAZ Length (µm) | -Ferrite by Ferritoscope (FN) |
---|---|---|---|
310 weld zone | 86 | 95 | 0.10 |
410 weld zone | - | 213 | 6.4 |
Sample | Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) | Standard Deviation (MPa) | % Elongation | Failure |
---|---|---|---|---|
430 BM | 515.2 | 13 | 30 | - |
430 SS with 310 filler | 489.5 | 75 | 32 | Weld joint |
430 SS with 410 filler | 732.4 | 45 | 22 | Weld joint |
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Shanmugasundar, G.; Bansod, A.; Schindlerova, V.; Čep, R. Influence of Filler Material on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Joints. Materials 2023, 16, 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041590
Shanmugasundar G, Bansod A, Schindlerova V, Čep R. Influence of Filler Material on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Joints. Materials. 2023; 16(4):1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041590
Chicago/Turabian StyleShanmugasundar, G., Ankur Bansod, Vladimira Schindlerova, and Robert Čep. 2023. "Influence of Filler Material on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Joints" Materials 16, no. 4: 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041590