Biopotentials of Collagen Scaffold Impregnated with Plant-Cell-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor in Defective Bone Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Laboratory Consumables
2.2. Production of p-rhEGF Using a Plant Expression System
2.3. Fabrication of ACSs
2.4. Charactization of ACSs
2.5. Animals and Ethical Statements
2.6. Creation of Calvarial Defects
2.7. Implantation of ACSs or rhEGF-Loaded ACSs into the Defects
2.8. Live μCT Analysis
2.9. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Masson’s Trichrome (MT) Staining
2.10. Real-Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.11. In Vitro Evaluations on the p-rhEGF-Stimulated Cellular Responses
2.12. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of ACSs
3.2. Implanting the p-rhEGF-Impregnated ACSs Promotes New Bone Formation in Calvarial Defects Greater Than ACSs Alone Do
3.3. Enhanced New Bone Formation in the ACS + p-rhEGF Group Is Correlated with the Increased Expression of Osteogenic Marker Molecules
3.4. Exogenous Addition of p-rhEGF Augments Proliferation and Induction of IL-8, BMP2, and VEGF in hPDL Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Poudel, S.B.; Bhattarai, G.; Kwon, T.-H.; Lee, J.-C. Biopotentials of Collagen Scaffold Impregnated with Plant-Cell-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor in Defective Bone Healing. Materials 2023, 16, 3335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093335
Poudel SB, Bhattarai G, Kwon T-H, Lee J-C. Biopotentials of Collagen Scaffold Impregnated with Plant-Cell-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor in Defective Bone Healing. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093335
Chicago/Turabian StylePoudel, Sher Bahadur, Govinda Bhattarai, Tae-Ho Kwon, and Jeong-Chae Lee. 2023. "Biopotentials of Collagen Scaffold Impregnated with Plant-Cell-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor in Defective Bone Healing" Materials 16, no. 9: 3335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093335