Sound Quality Performance of Orthogonal Antisymmetric Composite Laminates Embedded with SMA Wires
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Formulation of Sound Quality Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
4. Experimental Verification
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- At 25 °C ambient temperatures, a variation in SMA tensile pre-strain has little effect on sound loudness, sharpness, or roughness. The loudness and roughness are slightly reduced, while the SMA tensile pre-strain is increased to 5%. At 100 °C, loudness, sharpness, and roughness are all positively correlated with the tensile pre-strain of the SMAs.
- (2)
- Loudness and sharpness at temperatures of 25 °C and high temperatures of 100 °C significantly decline as the SMA volume fraction increases. At 25 °C, the roughness gradually decreases as the volume fraction increases. At 100 °C, the roughness increases gradually with the volume fraction, though less so than at 25 °C.
- (3)
- In the frequency range of 1000 Hz, the number of Barks with loudness greater than 9 for different matrix materials at 25 °C is higher than that at the high temperature of 100 °C. When the ratio of the matrix material is 2:8, the high loudness value distributes more in the high-frequency component and the sharp value is higher. The sound radiation roughness of different matrix material volume fractions at 25 °C is higher than that at 100 °C.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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10 Hz–1 kHz | Tensile Pre-Strain at T = 25 °C | Tensile Pre-Strain at T = 100 °C | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1 Bark–9 Bark) | 1% | 3% | 5% | 1% | 3% | 5% | |
Loudness | 58.11 | 58.03 | 55.81 | 50.74 | 50.97 | 53.35 | |
Sharpness | Aures | 2.36 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 2.24 | 2.27 | 2.30 |
von Bismark | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.60 | |
Roughness | 1.41 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.10 |
10 Hz–1 kHz | Volume Fraction of SMA at T = 25 °C | Volume Fraction of SMA at T = 100 °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1 Bark–9 Bark) | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | |
Loudness | 71.80 | 58.11 | 49.43 | 47.95 | 63.74 | 50.97 | 48.03 | 45.44 | |
Sharpness | Aures | 2.75 | 2.36 | 2.15 | 2.06 | 2.37 | 2.27 | 2.19 | 2.15 |
von Bismark | 0.63 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.61 | |
Roughness | 1.51 | 1.41 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 1.16 | 1.26 |
10 Hz–1 kHz | Volume Ratios of Matrix Material at T = 25 °C | Volume Ratios of Matrix Material at T = 100 °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1 Bark–9 Bark) | 1/9 | 2/8 | 3/7 | 4/6 | 1/9 | 2/8 | 3/7 | 4/6 | |
Loudness | 58.11 | 55.77 | 51.53 | 46.57 | 50.97 | 55.17 | 43.65 | 41.13 | |
Sharpness | Aures | 2.36 | 2.58 | 2.43 | 2.20 | 2.27 | 2.46 | 2.13 | 1.85 |
von Bismark | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.53 | |
Roughness | 1.41 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.17 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 0.79 | 0.86 |
Sound Quality | Theoretical Prediction | Experimental Results | Error |
---|---|---|---|
Loudness level (Phon) | 95.76 | 92.32 | 3.73% |
Sharpness (Acum) | 2.08 | 1.96 | 6.12% |
Roughness (Asper) | 0.98 | 0.93 | 5.38% |
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Huang, Y.; Hu, J.; Wang, J.; Sun, J.; You, Y.; Huang, Q.; Xu, E. Sound Quality Performance of Orthogonal Antisymmetric Composite Laminates Embedded with SMA Wires. Materials 2023, 16, 3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093570
Huang Y, Hu J, Wang J, Sun J, You Y, Huang Q, Xu E. Sound Quality Performance of Orthogonal Antisymmetric Composite Laminates Embedded with SMA Wires. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093570
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Yizhe, Jiangbo Hu, Jun Wang, Jinfeng Sun, Ying You, Qibai Huang, and Enyong Xu. 2023. "Sound Quality Performance of Orthogonal Antisymmetric Composite Laminates Embedded with SMA Wires" Materials 16, no. 9: 3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093570