Effects of Impurities and Ageing on the Functional and Rheological Properties of Asphalts with Additives from Recovered and Pyrolysis-Processed Plastics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Selection of Additives for Extended Functional and Rheological Testing
- Materials other than PE, PP, PET, and PS are rejected from the unwashed municipal waste stream;
- A mixture with the specified mass proportions is prepared from the segregated materials;
- The mixture prepared in this way constitutes 80% by weight of the pyrolysis feedstock;
- The remaining 20% is a non-segregated mix of the typical municipal waste stream.
3. Evaluation of Stability, Elastic Recovery, and Adhesion to Aggregates, Taking into Account the Share of Impurities and the PE/PP Ratio
4. Effect of Technological Ageing on Basic Functional Parameters
5. Effect of Technological Ageing on Basic Functional Parameters
5.1. High Temperature Range
5.2. Medium Temperature Range
5.3. Low Temperature Range (Negative Temperature Values, Solid)—BBR Rheometer
6. Conclusions and Summary
- The addition of impurities in limited amount not only does not worsen but, in the case of several of the parameters, even improves the properties of the mixtures. Unfortunately, excess impurities lead to deterioration of their properties.
- When analysing the influence of the mass share of PE and PP, it can be seen that there is certainly an optimum value for the PE/PP ratio. In this study, only three mixtures were tested with values of this ratio of 48/52, 58/42, and 68/32, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the 58/42 ratio is the best; however, this research direction can be taken in further work to identify the optimum PE/PP ratio.
- Mixtures with additives undergo an ageing process analogous to road asphalts or modified asphalts. The results obtained with the BBR rheometer even show that the degree of ageing, especially operational ageing, is much lower (lower increase in modulus of stiffness) for mixtures with the additives tested than for the base asphalt.
- Treating the tested mixtures as a market product, it can be concluded that they rank between the 35/50 and 50/70 road asphalts and the PMB 25/55-60 and PMB 65/105-60 polymer asphalts, with some overlap with the PMB 45/80-55 asphalt. Unfortunately, the elastic recoveries obtained (elastic recovery test and MSCR test) are not as high as for asphalts modified with SBS copolymer.
- Comparing the results of the mixtures and the base asphalt, it can be concluded that, despite the lack of elastic recovery at the polymer asphalt level, features can be identified that are in comparison with the base asphalt. The effect of additives can be particularly beneficial under high-temperature conditions, providing higher resistance to permanent deformation. This was demonstrated for a number of mixture variants by softening temperature tests, shear modulus at 70 °C and MSCR results under post-ageing conditions at 64 °C and a stress of 3.2 kPa. On the other hand, and advantageously, no deterioration of the low-temperature properties was observed in Fraass breaking temperature and BBR rheometer tests, and in some cases, they were even better than for the base asphalt. In addition, basic research has indicated a beneficial increase in the plasticity interval.
- It is difficult to prejudge whether the presence of oil condensate in the production process (i.e., whether additive 26 or additive 37 is better) has a positive or negative effect on the properties of the resulting mixtures. The results obtained slightly distinguish one or the other additive depending on the study/parameter. On the other hand, it is clear that processing the oil condensate into additives has a positive environmental effect (there is no need to manage the remaining oil after additive production).
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Additive Number | PE | PP | PET | PS | Oil Condensate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
26 | 57 | 41 | 1.5 | 0.5 | none |
37 | 57 | 41 | 1.5 | 0.5 | current |
26.1 | 26.2 | 26.3 | 26.4 | 26.5 | 37.1 | 37.2 | 37.3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage share of impurities | 0 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 40 |
Mass ratio PE/PP | 58/42 | 58/42 | 58/42 | 68/32 | 48/52 | 58/42 | 58/42 | 58/42 |
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Gajewski, M.D.; Horodecka, R.; Bańkowski, W.; Mirski, K.; Grzegórska, A.; Kłopociński, M. Effects of Impurities and Ageing on the Functional and Rheological Properties of Asphalts with Additives from Recovered and Pyrolysis-Processed Plastics. Materials 2024, 17, 3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143451
Gajewski MD, Horodecka R, Bańkowski W, Mirski K, Grzegórska A, Kłopociński M. Effects of Impurities and Ageing on the Functional and Rheological Properties of Asphalts with Additives from Recovered and Pyrolysis-Processed Plastics. Materials. 2024; 17(14):3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143451
Chicago/Turabian StyleGajewski, Marcin Daniel, Renata Horodecka, Wojciech Bańkowski, Krzysztof Mirski, Aleksandra Grzegórska, and Maciej Kłopociński. 2024. "Effects of Impurities and Ageing on the Functional and Rheological Properties of Asphalts with Additives from Recovered and Pyrolysis-Processed Plastics" Materials 17, no. 14: 3451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143451