Considerations for Tungsten Carbide as Tooling in RFSSW
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview
2.2. Weld Details
2.3. Toolset Evaluations
2.4. Joint Evaluations
2.5. Other Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preliminary Development
3.2. WC-Co Investigation
3.2.1. Thermal Considerations
3.2.2. Chemical Cleaning Considerations
3.3. Life Study
3.3.1. Seizures
3.3.2. Wear
3.3.3. Weld Quality
4. Conclusions
- For successful long-term use as RFSSW tooling, WC-Co must be cooled to temperatures beneath 150 °C.
- For successful long-term use as RFSSW tooling, WC-Co must not be cleaned with NaOH.
- Given control of the temperature and cleanliness, WC-Co tools can last for approximately 2998 welds without presenting significant wear on the shoulder or the probe.
- In a configuration with a WC-Co probe/shoulder combination and an H13 clamp, the clamp will wear the fastest.
- Clamps coated with TiC exhibit wear approximately 38% slower than bare H13 clamps.
- Clamp wear contributes significantly to material loss during welding and a commensurate decrease in ULSS.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cu | Mg | Ag | Mn | Zr | Si | Fe | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.2–4.0% | 0.8–1.1% | 0.3–0.5% | 0.2–0.4% | 0.08–0.15% | 0.12% max | 0.15% max | 0.15% max | Balance |
RPM | Step Time | Shoulder Step | Probe Step |
---|---|---|---|
3400 | 1.000 | −1.778 | 3.229 |
3400 | 0.500 | −1.000 | 1.000 |
2800 | 0.500 | 2.078 | −4.279 |
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Belnap, R.; Smith, T.; Wright, A.; Hovanski, Y. Considerations for Tungsten Carbide as Tooling in RFSSW. Materials 2024, 17, 3799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153799
Belnap R, Smith T, Wright A, Hovanski Y. Considerations for Tungsten Carbide as Tooling in RFSSW. Materials. 2024; 17(15):3799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153799
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelnap, Ruth, Taylor Smith, Arnold Wright, and Yuri Hovanski. 2024. "Considerations for Tungsten Carbide as Tooling in RFSSW" Materials 17, no. 15: 3799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153799