Biochar/Biopolymer Composites for Potential In Situ Groundwater Remediation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pine Wood Biochar Production
2.2. Preparation of BC@Biopolymer Composites
2.3. Sedimentation Tests
2.4. Adsorption Isotherms
2.5. Continuous Flow Column Distribution Tests
2.6. Characterization Techniques and Analytical Methods
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Raw Pine Wood Biochar Characterization
3.1.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Morphological Analysis
3.1.2. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Surface Area and Textural Parameters
3.1.3. Hydrodynamic Particle Size Distribution
3.2. Adsorption Isotherm Curve of Trichloroethylene (TCE) of Raw Biochar
3.3. BC@Biopolymer Composites Characterization
3.3.1. Sedimentation Tests
3.3.2. Hydrodynamic Parameters of BC@PST and BC@CMC Composites
3.3.3. FT–IR Characterization of BC@PST and BC@CMC Composites
3.4. Continuous Flow Column Distribution Tests on BC@Polymer Composites
3.4.1. Continuous Flow Column Distribution Tests on BC@PST Composite
3.4.2. Continuous Flow Column Distribution Tests on BC@CMC 20 g·L−1 Composite
3.4.3. Continuous Flow Column Distribution Tests on BC@CMC 10 g·L−1 Composite
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sieving at 0.5 mm | Sieving at 64 µm and Grinding * |
---|---|
A | AP |
B | BP |
Type of Biopolymer | Temperature * | Reaction Time | Additive |
---|---|---|---|
Chitosan (CS) | Room temperature | 2 h | - |
Sodium alginate (ALG) | Room temperature | 2 h | - |
Potato starch (PST) | 70 °C | 1 h | APG2 1.0% v/v |
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) | Room temperature | 2 h | - |
BC Sample * | Weight Loss (%) | BET Specific Surface Area (m2·g−1) | Total Pore Volume (cm3·g−1) | Micro-Pore Volume (cm3·g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 6.59% | 457 ± 5 | 0.511 | 0.098 |
AP | 3.31% | 293 ± 5 | 0.421 | 0.046 |
B | 12.97% | 523 ± 5 | 0.578 | 0.140 |
BP | 3.37% | 378 ± 5 | 0.474 | 0.087 |
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Petrangeli Papini, M.; Cerra, S.; Feriaud, D.; Pettiti, I.; Lorini, L.; Fratoddi, I. Biochar/Biopolymer Composites for Potential In Situ Groundwater Remediation. Materials 2024, 17, 3899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163899
Petrangeli Papini M, Cerra S, Feriaud D, Pettiti I, Lorini L, Fratoddi I. Biochar/Biopolymer Composites for Potential In Situ Groundwater Remediation. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163899
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrangeli Papini, Marco, Sara Cerra, Damiano Feriaud, Ida Pettiti, Laura Lorini, and Ilaria Fratoddi. 2024. "Biochar/Biopolymer Composites for Potential In Situ Groundwater Remediation" Materials 17, no. 16: 3899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163899