Preparation of Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensors and Their Application for the Detection of Cu2+ in Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Paper Samples
2.3. Characterization of Paper Samples
2.4. Determination of Adsorption Capacity of PEI
2.5. Determination of Fluorescence Intensity of Paper Samples
2.6. The Effect of Common Ions on Fluorescence Intensity of Paper Samples
2.7. Quantitative Analysis of Color of Paper Samples
2.8. Analysis of Real Water
3. Results
3.1. Adsorption of PEI on Pristine Paper
3.1.1. The Effect of Molecular Weight on Fluorescence Intensity of Paper Samples
3.1.2. The Effect of Mass Concentration on Fluorescence Intensity of Paper Samples
3.1.3. The Effect of Dipping Time on the Adsorption Capacity of PEI
3.2. Characterization of Paper Samples
3.2.1. FTIR Analysis of Paper Samples
3.2.2. SEM Analysis of Paper Samples
3.2.3. AFM Analysis of Paper Samples
3.3. Analysis of Fluorescence Properties of Paper Samples
3.4. Application of Paper Samples for Detection of Cu2+
3.4.1. The Effect of Common Ions on the Fluorescence Intensity of Paper Samples
3.4.2. Detection of Paper Samples for Cu2+
3.4.3. Detection Mechanism of Paper Samples for Cu2+
3.5. Analysis of Actual Water Samples with Paper Samples
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Balasubramanian, K. Quantum chemical insights into Alzheimer’s disease: Curcumin’s chelation with cu(II), Zn(II), and Pd(II) as a mechanism for its prevention. Quantum Chem. 2016, 116, 1107–1119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pal, A.; Prasad, R. An overview of various mammalian models to study chronic copper intoxication associated Alzheimer’s disease like pathology. Biometals 2014, 28, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.; Yang, L.; Li, W.; Wang, X.; Shang, Y.; Li, B. Carbon dots doped with nitrogen and sulfur and loaded with copper(II) as a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for cystein, glutathione and homocysteine. Microchim. Acta 2016, 183, 1409–1416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zietz, B.P.; Dieter, H.H.; Lakomek, M.; Schneider, H.; Schneider, H.; Dunkelberg, H. Epidemiological investigation on chronic copper toxicity to children exposed via the public drinking water supply. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 13, 127–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barnham, K.J.; Masters, C.L.; Bush, A.I. Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Nat. Rev. Drug Discover. 2004, 3, 205–214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.H.; Zhang, C.; Chen, X.C. Ratiometric fluorescent paper sensor utilizing hybrid carbon dots-quantum dots for the visual determination of copper ions. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 5977–5984. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chereddy, N.R.; Janakipriya, S.; Korrapati, P.S.; Thennarasu, S.; Mandal, A.B. Solvent-assisted selective detection of sub-micromolar levels of Cu2+ ions in aqueous samples and live-cells. Analyst 2013, 138, 1130–1136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doner, G.; Ege, A. Determination of copper, cadmium and lead in seawater and mineral water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation with aluminum hydroxide. Anal. Chim. Acta 2005, 547, 14–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pourjavid, M.R.; Arabieh, M.; Yousefi, S.R.; Sehat, A.A. Interference free and fast determination of manganese(II), iron(III) and copper(II) ions in different real samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy after column graphene oxide-based solid phase extraction. Microchem. J. 2016, 129, 259–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, X.; Gan, W.; Wan, L.; Deng, Y.; Yang, Q.; He, Y. Electrochemical hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection of tin in canned foods using polyaniline-modified lead cathode. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 184, 331–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, L.; Lei, Z.; Hu, K.; Yang, S.; Wen, X. Non-aqueous phase hydride generation and determination of trace bismuth by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Microchem. J. 2018, 137, 329–333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Becker, J.S.; Matusch, A.; Depboylu, C.; Dobrowolska, J.; Zoriy, M.V. Quantitative imaging of selenium, copper, and zinc in thin sections of biological tissues (slugs-genus Arion) measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 6074–6080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xie, Y.L.; Zhao, S.Q.; Ye, H.L.; Yuan, J.; Song, P.; Hu, S.-Q. Graphene/CeO2 hybrid materials for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of cadmium (II), lead (II), copper (II), and mercury (II). J. Electroanal. Chem. 2015, 757, 235–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Niu, L.M.; Luo, H.Q.; Li, N.B.; Song, L. Electrochemical detection of copper(II) at a gold electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer of penicillamine. Anal. Chem. 2007, 62, 470–474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mi, X.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.; Chen, H.; Li, J.; Fu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zheng, H. Plasmonic Sensing of Cu2+ via Shell-Etching of Au@Ag Nanorods. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2021, 259, 124036. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Timur, A. Doped Carbon Dots for Sensing and Bioimaging Applications: A Minireview. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Klein, G.; Kaufmann, D.; Schürch, S.; Reymond, J.-L. A fluorescent metal sensor based on macrocyclic chelation. Chem. Commun. 2001, 6, 561–562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, L.; Hao, D.; Shen, W.; Qian, Z.; Zhu, C. Highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for copper (II) based on amplified fluorescence quenching of a water-soluble NIR emitting conjugated polymer. Microchim. Acta 2012, 177, 357–364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cano-Raya, C.; Ramos, M.D.F.; Vallvey, L.F.C. Fluorescence quenching of the europium tetracycline hydrogen peroxide complex by copper(II) and other metal ions. Appl. Spectrosc. 2005, 59, 1209–1216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leth, S.; Maltoni, S.; Simkus, R.; Mattiasson, B.; Corbisier, P.; Klimant, I.; Wolfbeis, O.S.; Csöregi, E. Engineered bacteria based biosensors for monitoring bioavailable heavy metals. Electroanal. Int. J. Devoted Fundam. Pract. Asp. Electroanal. 2002, 14, 35–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xing, C.; Shi, Z.; Yu, M.; Wang, S. Cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte-based fluorometric detection of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution. Polymer 2008, 49, 2698–2703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, J.; Zhang, S.; Li, F.; Shi, J. Cellulose-based sensors for metal ions detection. Cellulose 2020, 27, 5477–5507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, W.; Huang, X.; Lv, Y.; Qian, F.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, H. Improving air barrier, water vapor permeability properties of cellulose paper by layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021, 253, 117227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhao, X.; Chen, H.; Wang, S.; Wu, Q.; Xia, N.; Kong, F. Electroless decoration of cellulose paper with nickel nanoparticles: A hybrid carbon fiber for supercapacitors. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2018, 215, 157–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, F.; Cui, S.; Liu, H.; Pu, S. A high selective fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ in solution and test paper strips. Dye. Pigment. 2020, 173, 107914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sadollahkhani, A.; Hatamie, A.; Nur, O.; Willander, M.; Zargar, B.; Kazeminezhad, I. Colorimetric disposable paper coated with ZnO@ ZnS core–shell nanoparticles for detection of copper ions in aqueous solutions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 17694–17701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, M.; Zhang, J.; Che, X.; Jiang, J.; Tu, Q.; Wang, J. Biomimetic mineralization-based in situ growth of AuNCs@ ZIF-8 on paper fibers for visual detection of copper ions. Talanta 2024, 268, 12536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yan, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, G.; Yan, Z. Amine-Modified SBA-15: Effect of Pore Structure on the Performance for CO2 Capture. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 3220–3226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Samples | Fluorescence Method | BCO Method 1 | Relative Error (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (μmol/L) | RSD (%) | Observed (μmol/L) | RSD (%) | ||
Tap water 1 | 4.26 | 3.12 | 4.35 | 2.65 | 2.11 |
Tap water 2 | 4.69 | 3.23 | 4.80 | 2.86 | 2.34 |
Tap water 3 | 4.11 | 3.07 | 4.19 | 2.76 | 1.95 |
Lake water 1 | 5.35 | 2.76 | 5.46 | 2.41 | 2.06 |
Lake water 2 | 5.73 | 2.68 | 5.85 | 2.32 | 2.09 |
Lake water 3 | 5.58 | 2.46 | 5.70 | 2.11 | 2.15 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ma, Y.; Li, H.; Li, Y.; Wei, D. Preparation of Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensors and Their Application for the Detection of Cu2+ in Water. Materials 2024, 17, 3920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163920
Ma Y, Li H, Li Y, Wei D. Preparation of Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensors and Their Application for the Detection of Cu2+ in Water. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163920
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Yue, Hui Li, Yufeng Li, and Dong Wei. 2024. "Preparation of Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensors and Their Application for the Detection of Cu2+ in Water" Materials 17, no. 16: 3920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163920