Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Bimetallic Steel Bar with Buckling: Energy-Based Numerical and Experimental Investigations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Low-Cycle Fatigue Experiment
2.1. Materials
2.2. Test Methods
2.3. Buckling Mode
2.4. Test Results and Discussion
3. Numerical Model of BSB Specimen
3.1. Modelling Method
3.2. Validation and Discussion
3.3. Effect of Slenderness Ratio and Fatigue Strain Amplitude
3.4. Effect of Cladding Ratio
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- An experiment including five different L/D and three different εa values was conducted to quantify the influences of buckling on the LCF properties of BSBs. The typical buckling mode of the BSBs was determined and three plastic hinges were observed. The impacts of the L/D and εa on the hu/Lu were revealed.
- (2)
- The hysteretic loops of BSBs with various L/D and εa values were compared. The hysteresis loops of the BSBs with L/D = 6 and εa = 0.01 exhibited original symmetry. With increases in the L/D, the original symmetry of the hysteresis loop gradually disappeared owing to buckling. Test results stated that the L/D and εa exhibited a coupling effect on the cycles to failure of the BSBs. The variation trends of the dissipated energy density and energy dissipation coefficient Rd of the BSBs were discussed to clarify the effects of buckling.
- (3)
- A numerical modelling method was suggested, which was carefully validated. The numerical results revealed that the influence of the number of elements on the simulation results was negligible. A predictive equation, which considered the effects of the L/D, was proposed to reveal relations between εa and Nf. With increases in the L/D, a pinching phenomenon of the hysteresis loop corresponding to 20% Nf was gradually revealed. The σc,max and σp,max were reduced by increasing the L/D.
- (4)
- For BSBs with various εa values, the hysteretic loops corresponding to 20% Nf shared a similar shape. Increases in β reduced the peak stress and dissipated energy properties of BSBs, so it is recommended that the proportion of stainless steel in BSBs should be minimized once the corrosion resistance requirements are met. Furthermore, Sσ and Rd were selected to determine the impacts of the L/D and εa on the stress and dissipated energy properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category (%) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Cu | Al | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S30408 | 0.201 | 0.421 | 1.441 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.047 | 0.087 | 0.045 | 0.014 | 0.009 |
HRB400 | 0.050 | 0.415 | 1.005 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 8.230 | 18.410 | 0.071 | 0.002 | 0.024 |
Number | L/D | Test Segment (mm) | Clamped Length (mm) | Full Length (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
B-6 | 6 | 108 | 80 | 268 |
B-9 | 9 | 162 | 80 | 322 |
B-12 | 12 | 216 | 80 | 376 |
B-15 | 15 | 270 | 80 | 430 |
Number | L/D | εa | Peak Tensile Stress (MPa) | Peak Compressive Stress (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
B-6-0.01 | 6 | 0.01 | 462.28 | 518.50 |
B-6-0.02 | 6 | 0.02 | 550.47 | 554.93 |
B-6-0.03 | 6 | 0.03 | 570.22 | 547.50 |
B-9-0.01 | 9 | 0.01 | 495.39 | 521.48 |
B-9-0.02 | 9 | 0.02 | 522.24 | 423.74 |
B-9-0.03 | 9 | 0.03 | 526.83 | 323.10 |
B-12-0.01 | 12 | 0.01 | 497.49 | 367.55 |
B-12-0.02 | 12 | 0.02 | 507.45 | 270.09 |
B-12-0.03 | 12 | 0.03 | 506.42 | 201.53 |
B-15-0.01 | 15 | 0.01 | 500.97 | 296.09 |
B-15-0.02 | 15 | 0.02 | 499.32 | 172.42 |
B-15-0.03 | 15 | 0.03 | 520.70 | 142.76 |
L/D | m | n | Coefficient of Determination (R2) |
---|---|---|---|
9 | 35.38 | −12.09 | 0.990 |
12 | 24.30 | −7.24 | 0.998 |
15 | 17.97 | −4.91 | 0.995 |
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Xue, X.; Wang, F.; Wang, N.; Hua, J.; Deng, W. Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Bimetallic Steel Bar with Buckling: Energy-Based Numerical and Experimental Investigations. Materials 2024, 17, 3974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163974
Xue X, Wang F, Wang N, Hua J, Deng W. Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Bimetallic Steel Bar with Buckling: Energy-Based Numerical and Experimental Investigations. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163974
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Xuanyi, Fei Wang, Neng Wang, Jianmin Hua, and Wenjie Deng. 2024. "Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Bimetallic Steel Bar with Buckling: Energy-Based Numerical and Experimental Investigations" Materials 17, no. 16: 3974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163974