Multifunctional Design of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Seawater Electrocatalytic Reaction Pathways and Fundamental Principles
2.1. Mechanism of Direct Seawater Electrolysis
2.2. Mechanism of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
2.3. Competition between Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Chlorine Evolution Reaction
3. Challenges in Seawater Splitting
3.1. Overall Challenges
3.2. Challenges with OER Catalysts
4. Progress in Multifunctional Design of Electrocatalysts for Seawater Hydrogen Production
4.1. Structure and Material Design Strategies for HER Catalysts
4.1.1. Nanostructure Design and Surface Modification Strategies
4.1.2. Alloying and Multi-Metallic Composite Design
4.1.3. Single-Atom Catalysis and Interface Engineering Optimization
4.2. Optimization Strategies for OER Catalysts in Seawater Electrolysis
4.2.1. Nanostructuring and Two-Dimensional Material Optimization
4.2.2. Alloy and Heterostructure Design
4.2.3. Functional Modification and Interface Engineering
4.2.4. Stability Enhancement and Electrochemical Durability Design
5. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cui, C.; Zhang, H.; Wang, D.; Song, J.; Yang, Y. Multifunctional Design of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production. Materials 2024, 17, 4057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164057
Cui C, Zhang H, Wang D, Song J, Yang Y. Multifunctional Design of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164057
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Chenmeng, Haonan Zhang, Dan Wang, Jihuan Song, and Ying Yang. 2024. "Multifunctional Design of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production" Materials 17, no. 16: 4057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164057