Effect of La on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag Alloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure of Alloys
3.2. SEM Observation
3.3. XRD Patterns
3.4. Tensile Properties
Alloys | UTS()/MPa | YS()/MPa | El./% |
---|---|---|---|
La-free | 380.6 ± 8 | 341.3 ± 5 | 5.4 ± 0.6 |
0.2La | 387.0 ± 15 | 346.4 ± 4 | 7.4 ± 0.4 |
0.4La | 411.7 ± 8 | 386.0 ± 2 | 7.9 ± 0.5 |
0.6La | 405.7 ± 11 | 353.9 ± 4 | 5.1 ± 0.6 |
Alloys | UTS()/MPa | YS()/MPa | El./% |
---|---|---|---|
La-free | 120.6 ± 4 | 103.5 ± 4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 |
0.2La | 131.6 ± 5 | 111.4 ± 3 | 7.6 ± 0.6 |
0.4La | 146.1 ± 4 | 128.3 ± 4 | 8.3 ± 0.5 |
0.6La | 129.1 ± 3 | 108.0 ± 3 | 11.3 ± 0.6 |
Materials Composition (wt.%) | Temperature (°C) | UTS() (MPa) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag Al-12.95Si-3.57Cu-0.72Mg-0.91Ni-0.53Fe-0.4Er | 350 350 | 146.1 117 | Present work [20] |
Al-12Si-3Cu-1.5Ni | 350 | ≈62 | [22] |
Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg-AlNp | 350 | 106 | [23] |
Al-6Cu-0.4Mn-0.4Ag | 350 | 135.8 | [24] |
Al-11.79Si-3.33Cu-0.172Fe-2.05Mn-1Cr | 350 | 106 | [25] |
A1-0.4Cu-8.2AlN | 350 | 119 | [26] |
Al-12Si-0.9Cu-0.8Mg-4Ni | 350 | 116 | [26] |
Al-12.5Si-0.84Mg-5Cu-2Ni-0.5Fe-(0.24~0.28) Cr | 350 | ≈92 | [27] |
Al-12.87Si-5.45Cu-1.83Ni | 350 | 93.5 | [28] |
Al-13Si-5Cu-0.6Fe-0.6Mn | 340 | 97 | [29] |
Al-12.8Si-3.23Cu-1.01Mg-1Ni | 350 | 61.7 | [30] |
Al-12.57Si-1.02Cu-1.23Mg-1.07Ni-0.15Mn | 350 | 75.6 | [31] |
3.5. High-Temperature Fracture
3.6. TEM Microstructures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- La can refine the grain of the Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloy, but the refining effect begins to weaken when the content of La is 0.6wt%.
- (2)
- At 350 °C, the tensile strength of the alloy increases with the increasing La content, and the elongation decreases first and then increases. The high-temperature tensile strength of the Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloy with added 0.4wt.% La at the T6 state is higher, which is 25.44MPa greater compared to the alloy without La.
- (3)
- The La element mainly exists in the form of the Al6Cu6La phase in the Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag alloy, which makes the excessive second phase in the grain boundary appear skeleton-like; at the same time, the size of the excessive phase is reduced, and the high-temperature plasticity of the alloy is improved.
- (4)
- In the La-added alloy, there exists an Al6Cu6La intermetallic compound distributed along the grain boundaries, which, after undergoing tensile deformation at 350 °C, breaks into fine particles, resulting in decreased mechanical properties.
- (5)
- The addition of La refines the size of the strengthening precipitate phase Ω and increases its precipitation density.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy | Cu | Mg | Ag | La | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
La-free | 5.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0 | Bal. |
2La | 5.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 | Bal. |
4La | 5.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | Bal. |
6La | 5.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | Bal. |
Alloy | Cu | Mg | Ag | La | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
La-free | 5.35 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0 | Bal. |
2La | 5.37 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.17 | Bal. |
4La | 5.44 | 0.73 | 0.56 | 0.36 | Bal. |
6La | 5.41 | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.59 | Bal. |
Spot | Al | Cu | Mg | Ag | La | Phase Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 96.86 | 1.61 | 1.23 | 0.30 | 0 | α-Al |
2 | 73.06 | 24.86 | 1.45 | 0.24 | 0.39 | Al2Cu |
3 | 62.05 | 29.42 | 0.85 | 0.18 | 7.50 | Al6Cu6La |
4 | 61.70 | 28.01 | 1.99 | 0.62 | 7.68 | Al6Cu6La |
5 | 72.05 | 26.33 | 1.43 | 0.18 | 0 | Al2Cu |
6 | 96.86 | 1.61 | 1.23 | 0.30 | 0 | α-Al |
7 | 65.97 | 12.69 | 13.78 | 7.00 | 0.57 | Al2CuMg |
Alloy Element | Al | Cu | Mg | La |
---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic radius (nm) | 0.413 | 0.128 | 0.160 | 0.187 |
Electronegativity | 1.610 | 1.900 | 1.310 | 0.110 |
Alloys | Average Plate Diameter (nm) | Average Plate Thickness (nm) | Number Density (m−3) | Volume Fraction (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
La-free | 189.27 | 16.85 | 4.61 | |
0.2La | 221.07 | 16.70 | 8.01 | |
0.4La | 163.92 | 8.06 | 11.86 | |
0.6La | 152.31 | 17.66 | 9.51 |
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Li, X.; Li, A.; Qin, X.; Yang, H.; Cheng, P. Effect of La on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag Alloys. Materials 2024, 17, 4141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164141
Li X, Li A, Qin X, Yang H, Cheng P. Effect of La on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag Alloys. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164141
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiang, Anmin Li, Xiangdu Qin, Hailong Yang, and Peng Cheng. 2024. "Effect of La on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-5.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Ag Alloys" Materials 17, no. 16: 4141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164141