Unified Failure Criterion Based on Stress and Stress Gradient Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Failure Criterion Based on Stress and Stress Gradient
3. Ductile Aluminum Alloy with Notches
3.1. Description of Specimens
3.2. Results
4. Hardened Cement Pastes with Cracks
4.1. Description of Specimens
4.2. Modeling
4.3. Results
5. Three-Dimensional Printed PLA with Holes
5.1. Description of Specimens and Experiments
5.2. Results
6. Laminated Glass Fiber Composites with Holes
6.1. Description of Specimens
6.2. Multiscale Failure Modeling
- First, the composite material properties are computed from virgin fiber and matrix materials using the upscaling process.
- The composite material properties are used for the analysis of the given composite structure with an applied loading. Because the structural analysis is complex, FEA is mostly used for the structural analysis, which provides the stresses and strains in the composite structure.
- Then, the composite level stresses and strains are decomposed into the stresses and strains at the fiber and matrix materials using the downscaling process.
- The unified failure criteria are applied to the stresses and strains of the fiber and matrix materials.
- If there is a failure, then the corresponding material properties are degraded based on the specific failure, and the degraded material properties are used for the next upscaling process.
- The analysis cycle repeats as failure progresses locally or the applied load increases.
6.3. Results
7. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Hole Size (mm) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 |
Average Failure Stress (MPa) | 228 | 237 | 236 | 228 | 236 | 219 | 227 | 228 | 230 |
Standard Deviation (MPa) | 5.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 0.94 | 1.8 | 0.96 |
Print temperature | 185 °C |
Bed temperature | 55 °C |
Print speed | 45 mm/s |
Line thickness | 0.2 mm |
Line width | 0.35 mm |
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Kwon, Y.W.; Markoff, E.K.; DeFisher, S. Unified Failure Criterion Based on Stress and Stress Gradient Conditions. Materials 2024, 17, 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030569
Kwon YW, Markoff EK, DeFisher S. Unified Failure Criterion Based on Stress and Stress Gradient Conditions. Materials. 2024; 17(3):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030569
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwon, Young W., Emma K. Markoff, and Stanley DeFisher. 2024. "Unified Failure Criterion Based on Stress and Stress Gradient Conditions" Materials 17, no. 3: 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030569