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10.3390/ma17040779
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Article

Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells

by
Ruijuan Wang
1,
Li Ding
2,*,
Yong Pan
1,*,
Xin Zhang
1,
Meng Yang
3 and
Chengfei Zhu
3
1
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
2
School of Automotive & Rail Transit, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
3
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2024, 17(4), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040779
Submission received: 17 January 2024 / Revised: 31 January 2024 / Accepted: 2 February 2024 / Published: 6 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage Technologies)
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Abstract

316 L stainless steel is an ideal bipolar plate material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the thickening of the passivation film on the stainless steel surface and the dissolution of corrosive ions during operation will affect the durability of the PEMFC. Herein, a heterogeneous layer is prepared on the surface of 316 L stainless steel through dual ion implantation of molybdenum ion and carbon ion combined with heat treatment to promote the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the bipolar plate. The ion implantation technique resulted in a uniform distribution of Mo and C elements on the surface of 316 L stainless steel, with a modified layer depth of about 70–80 nm. The electrical conductivity of the ion implanted samples was significantly improved, and the interfacial contact resistance was reduced from 464.25 mΩ × cm2 to 42.49 mΩ × cm2. Heat treatment enhances the surface homogenization, repairs the defects of irradiation damage, and improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. The corrosion current density of (Mo+C)-600 samples decreased from 1.21 × 10−8 A/cm2 to 2.95 × 10−9 A/cm2 under the long-term corrosion condition of 4 h. These results can provide guidance for the modification of stainless steel bipolar plates.
Keywords: 316 L stainless steel bipolar plate; ion implantation; heat treatment; interfacial contact resistance; corrosion resistance 316 L stainless steel bipolar plate; ion implantation; heat treatment; interfacial contact resistance; corrosion resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, R.; Ding, L.; Pan, Y.; Zhang, X.; Yang, M.; Zhu, C. Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Materials 2024, 17, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040779

AMA Style

Wang R, Ding L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Yang M, Zhu C. Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Materials. 2024; 17(4):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040779

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Ruijuan, Li Ding, Yong Pan, Xin Zhang, Meng Yang, and Chengfei Zhu. 2024. "Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells" Materials 17, no. 4: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040779

APA Style

Wang, R., Ding, L., Pan, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, M., & Zhu, C. (2024). Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Materials, 17(4), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040779

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