Preparation of Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of AELS
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Adsorption Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of the Synthetic Conditions of AELS
3.2. Characterization of AELS
3.3. Results of Adsorption Experiment
3.3.1. The Effect of pH on the Adsorption Capacity
3.3.2. The Effect of Adsorbent Dosage on the Adsorption Capacity and Removal Rate
3.3.3. Adsorption Kinetics
3.3.4. Adsorption Isotherm
3.3.5. Adsorption Thermodynamics
3.3.6. Regeneration and Reusability of AELS
3.3.7. Adsorption Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dynamic Model | Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics | Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics | Intra-Particle Diffusion | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | ||||||
R2 | 0.9852 | R2 | 0.9930 | R2 | 0.9754 | 0.9324 | 0.9279 | |
Parameters | k1 | 0.19 ± 0.0085 | k2 | 0.0014 ± 0.0004 | kp | 16.17 ± 1.28 | 1.05 ± 0.14 | 0.22 ± 0.034 |
qe RMSE | 103.00 ± 0.004 2.03 | qe RMSE | 126.94 ± 0.003 1.39 | C | −0.22 ± 2.51 | 80.94 ± 2.98 | 105.06 ± 1.43 |
T/K | 298 | 308 | 318 |
---|---|---|---|
Langmuir | |||
qmax (mg g−1) | 149.08 ± 1.30 | 172.14 ± 1.23 | 183.69 ± 2.67 |
KL (L mg−1) | 1.74 ± 0.022 | 0.69 ± 0.050 | 0.59 ± 0.08 |
RL | 0.0019–0.054 | 0.005–0.13 | 0.006–0.15 |
R2 | 0.9992 | 0.9961 | 0.9850 |
RMSE | 0.51 | 2.77 | 5.93 |
Freundlich | |||
KF (L mg−1) | 44.66 ± 2.091 | 87.21 ± 13.88 | 87.61 ± 13.42 |
n | 3.75 ± 0.22 | 6.96 ± 1.74 | 6.36 ± 1.40 |
R2 | 0.9194 | 0.7823 | 0.8240 |
RMSE | 5.04 | 20.62 | 20.28 |
Temkin | |||
b (J mol−1) | 128.46 ± 7.06 | 120.20 ± 15.39 | 106.36 ± 11.15 |
KT (L mg−1) | 31.69 ± 2.66 | 41.24 ± 39.30 | 26.21 ± 19.14 |
R2 | 0.9766 | 0.8850 | 0.9199 |
RMSE | 2.71 | 14.98 | 13.68 |
Adsorbent | Kinetic Model | Isotherm Model | qmax (mg g−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mn/MCM-41 | Pseudo-second-order | Freundlich Dubinin–Radushkevich | 45.38 | [14] |
KGM/GO hydrogel | Pseudo-second-order | Freundlich | 133.67 | [15] |
Organo bentonite | Pseudo-second-order | Freundlich | 98.15 | [16] |
Magnetic NiFe2O4 nanorods | Pseudo-second-order | Temkin | 97.73 | [50] |
Mg3Al LDH | Pseudo-second-order | Langmuir | 98.77 | [51] |
AELS | Pseudo-second-order | Langmuir | 153.42 | This work |
Thermodynamic Parameter | ΔH0 (kJ mol−1) | ΔS0 (J mol−1 K−1) | ΔG0 (kJ mol−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
298 K | 308 K | 318 K | |||
22.91 | 88.76 | −3.55 | −4.44 | −5.33 |
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Huo, L.-Z.; Guo, C.-F.; Gong, Z.-X.; Xu, H.; Yang, X.-J.; Wang, Y.-X.; Luo, X.-P. Preparation of Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye. Materials 2024, 17, 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051046
Huo L-Z, Guo C-F, Gong Z-X, Xu H, Yang X-J, Wang Y-X, Luo X-P. Preparation of Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye. Materials. 2024; 17(5):1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051046
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuo, Li-Zhu, Chao-Fei Guo, Zhu-Xiang Gong, Hao Xu, Xue-Juan Yang, Yu-Xuan Wang, and Xi-Ping Luo. 2024. "Preparation of Aminated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Efficient Adsorption of Methyl Blue Dye" Materials 17, no. 5: 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051046