Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti2AlC MAX Phases

Gurin, Mikhail S.; Shtarev, Dmitry S.; Zavidovskiy, Ilya  A.; Kolodeznikov, Erkhan S.; Vyshnevyy, Andrey A.; Arsenin, Aleksey V.; Bolshakov, Alexey D.; Syuy, Alexander  V.

doi:10.3390/ma18091957

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Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases

by

Mikhail S. Gurin

¹,

Dmitry S. Shtarev

^1,2,*

,

Ilya A. Zavidovskiy

³

,

Erkhan S. Kolodeznikov

¹,

Andrey A. Vyshnevyy

^3,4

,

Aleksey V. Arsenin

^3,4,5

,

Alexey D. Bolshakov

^3,5,6,7

and

Alexander V. Syuy

^3,4,8,*

¹

Department of Nuclear Technologies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia

²

Department of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China

³

Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia

⁴

Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

⁵

Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia

⁶

Center for Nanotechnologies, Alferov University, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia

⁷

Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia

⁸

Depatrment of Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2025, 18(9), 1957; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091957

Submission received: 14 March 2025 / Revised: 18 April 2025 / Accepted: 24 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology)

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Abstract

We study the synthesis of Ti₂AlC MAX-phase ceramics via spark plasma sintering (SPS), focusing on the effects of temperature, precursor composition, and transition metal doping (Mo, Ta, Hf, W, Y, and Mn). Optimized sintering parameters were established, defining the precursor ratios necessary for the formation of Ti₂AlC with >90% yield. Structural and compositional analyses revealed that select transition metals—Ta, Hf, W, and Y—could be incorporated into the Ti₂AlC lattice, which resulted in >90% yield for each transition metal-doped MAX phase. In contrast, Mo and Mn predominantly formed separate phases. These findings provide insights into the controlled synthesis of MAX-phase materials with tunable properties for high-performance applications.

Keywords: spark plasma synthesis; MAX phase; transition metal doping; Ti2AlC purity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gurin, M.S.; Shtarev, D.S.; Zavidovskiy, I.A.; Kolodeznikov, E.S.; Vyshnevyy, A.A.; Arsenin, A.V.; Bolshakov, A.D.; Syuy, A.V. Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases. Materials 2025, 18, 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091957

AMA Style

Gurin MS, Shtarev DS, Zavidovskiy IA, Kolodeznikov ES, Vyshnevyy AA, Arsenin AV, Bolshakov AD, Syuy AV. Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases. Materials. 2025; 18(9):1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091957

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gurin, Mikhail S., Dmitry S. Shtarev, Ilya A. Zavidovskiy, Erkhan S. Kolodeznikov, Andrey A. Vyshnevyy, Aleksey V. Arsenin, Alexey D. Bolshakov, and Alexander V. Syuy. 2025. "Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases" Materials 18, no. 9: 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091957

APA Style

Gurin, M. S., Shtarev, D. S., Zavidovskiy, I. A., Kolodeznikov, E. S., Vyshnevyy, A. A., Arsenin, A. V., Bolshakov, A. D., & Syuy, A. V. (2025). Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases. Materials, 18(9), 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091957

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Spark Plasma Sintering of Pristine and Transition Metal-Doped Ti₂AlC MAX Phases

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