Exploring the Preparation of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Solubilization of Albendazole in Buffers, Surfactants, and Various Concentrations of Acetic Acid Solution
2.4. Cytotoxicity
2.5. Preparation of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles
2.6. Measurement of Particle Size and Polydispersity Index
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Solubility of Albendazole
Formulation | Solubility (μg/mL) | |
---|---|---|
Buffer pH | pH 2 | 23.54 ± 2.94 |
pH 4 | 8.63 ± 0.64 | |
pH 6 | 8.04 ± 0.26 | |
pH 8 | 1.33 ± 0.13 | |
pH 10 | 3.70 ± 0.05 | |
Surfactant * | Tween 20 | 42.03 ± 9.49 |
Tween 60 | 8.97 ± 1.70 | |
Tween 80 | 23.58 ± 0.94 | |
Span 80 | 4.50 ± 1.11 | |
Arlacel 80 | 14.07 ± 3.50 | |
α-cyclodextrin | 3.30 ± 0.07 | |
β-cyclodextrin | 12.25 ± 0.22 | |
γ-cyclodextrin | 1.33 ± 0.00 | |
Poloxamer 188 | 2.83 ± 0.44 | |
Poloxamer 407 | 2.99 ± 0.75 | |
Cremophor RH 40 | 24.48 ± 8.07 | |
Eudragit L-100 | 2.48 ± 0.44 |
Concentration of Acetic Acid (%) | Solubility (μg/mL) |
---|---|
1 | 9.69 ± 1.06 |
2 | 9.80 ± 4.87 |
3 | 15.15 ± 0.85 |
4 | 16.66 ± 0.97 |
5 | 22.54 ± 0.37 |
6 | 26.83 ± 0.69 |
7 | 34.11 ± 0.34 |
8 | 38.05 ± 1.22 |
9 | 43.06 ± 1.66 |
10 | 52.01 ± 4.53 |
15 | 115.26 ± 6.79 |
20 | 215.98 ± 11.72 |
25 | 462.80 ± 26.24 |
30 | 755.18 ± 37.30 |
35 | 1139.70 ± 70.30 |
40 | 1657.34 ± 68.86 |
45 | 2784.98 ± 159.27 |
50 | 3808.87 ± 112.05 |
3.2. Dose-Dependent Anticancer Effects of Albendazole
3.3. Optimization of the Tween 20 to HPβCD Chitosan Ratio Based on the Solubility of Albendazole
3.4. Optimization of the Formulation Based on Particle Size and Polydispersity Index
3.5. Stability of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jung, H.; Medina, L.; García, L.; Fuentes, I.; Moreno-Esparza, T. Biopharmaceutics: Absorption studies of albendazole and some physicochemical properties of the drug and its metabolite albendazole sulphoxide. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1998, 50, 43–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ehteda, A.; Galettis, P.; Chu, S.W.; Pillai, K.; Morris, D.L. Complexation of albendazole with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly improves its pharmacokinetic profile, cell cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy in nude mice. Anticancer Res. 2012, 32, 3659–3666. [Google Scholar]
- Králová, V.; Hanušová, V.; Staňková, P.; Knoppová, K.; Čáňová, K.; Skálová, L. Antiproliferative effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics albendazole, ricobendazole, and flubendazole in intestinal cancer cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2013, 24, 911–919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- García, A.; Leonardi, D.; Salazar, M.O.; Lamas, M.C. Modified β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex to improve the physicochemical properties of albeandazole. Complete in vitro evaluation and characterization. PLoS One 2014, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pradines, B.; Gallard, J.F.; Lorga, B.I.; Gueutin, C.; Loiseau, P.M.; Ponchel, G.; Bouchemal, K. Investigation of the complexation of albendazole with cyclodextrin for the design of the new antiparasitic formulations. Carbohydr. Res. 2014, 398, 50–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alamdarnejad, G.; Sharif, A.; Taranejoo, S.; Janmaleki, M.; Kalaee, M.R.; Dadgar, M.; Khakpour, M. Synthesis and characterization of thiolated carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-cyclodextrin nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle for albendazole. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2013, 24, 1939–1949. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peng, K.; Tomatsu, I.; Korobko, A.V.; Kros, A. Cyclodextrin-dextran based in situ hydrogel formulation: a carrier for hydrophobic drugs. Soft Matter. 2010, 6, 85–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davis, M.E.; Brewster, M.E. Cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutics: Past, present and future. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2004, 3, 1023–1035. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dvorožňková, E.; Hrčková, G.; Borošková, Z.; Velebný, S.; Dubinský, P. Effect of treatment with free and liposomized albendazole on selected immunological parameters and cyst growth in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol. Int. 2004, 53, 315–325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Evrard, B.; Chiap, P.; DeTullio, P.; Ghalmi, F.; Piel, G.; van Hees, T.; Crommen, J.; Losson, B.; Delattre, L. Oral bioavailability in sheep of albendazole from a suspension and from a solution containing hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. J. Control. Release 2002, 85, 45–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- García, J.J.; Bolás, F.; Torrado, J.J. Bioavailability and efficacy characteristics of two different oral liquid formulations of albendazole. Int. J. Pharm. 2003, 250, 351–358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Castro, S.G.; Sanchez Bruni, S.F.; Urbizu, L.P.; Confalonieri, A.; Ceballos, L.; Lanusse, C.E.; Allemandi, D.A.; Palma, S.D. Enhanced dissolution and systemic availability of albendazole formulated as solid dispersions. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2013, 18, 434–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barrera, M.G.; Leonardi, D.; Bolmaro, R.E.; Echenique, C.G.; Olivieri, A.C.; Salomon, C.J.; Lamas, M.C. In vivo evaluation of albendazole microspheres for the treatment of Toxocara canis larva migrans. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2010, 75, 451–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, X.N.; Gong, J.H.; Tang, L.H.; Zhang, Q. Studies on the drug-loading mechanism of polybutylcyanocrylate nanoparticle and its stability of thermodynamics. Curr. Nanosci. 2008, 4, 59–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anitha, A.; Deepa, N.; Chennazhi, K.P.; Nair, S.V.; Tamura, H.; Jayakumer, R. Development of mucoadhesive thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Carbohyd. Polym. 2011, 83, 66–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morris, G.A.; Castile, J.; Smith, A.; Adams, G.G.; Harding, S.E. The effect of prolonged storage at different temperatures on the particle size distribution of tripolyphosphate (TPP)-chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohyd. Polym. 2011, 84, 1430–1434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, B.P.; Thakur, N.; Jain, N.P.; Banweer, J.; Jain, S. Osmotically controlled drug delivry system with associated drugs. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 13, 571–588. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Baldrick, P. The safety of chitosan as a pharmaceutical excipient. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 2010, 56, 290–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Wang, X.Q.; Ren, W.X.; Chen, Y.I.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, J.K.; Bawudong, D.; Gu, J.P.; Xu, X.D.; Zhang, X.N. Novel albendazole-chitosan nanoparticles for intestinal absorption enhancement and hepatic targeting improvement in rats. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B 2013, 101, 998–1005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsai, M.L.; Chen, R.H.; Bai, S.W.; Chen, W.Y. The storage stability of chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles in a phosphate buffer. Carbohyd. Polym. 2011, 84, 756–761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, H.; Oh, M.; Allen, C.; Kumacheva, E. Monodisperse chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 2004, 5, 2461–2468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsai, M.L.; Bai, S.W.; Chen, R.H. Cavitation effects versus stretch effects resulted in different size and polydispersity of ionotropic gelation chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticle. Carbohyd. Polym. 2008, 71, 448–457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gan, Q.; Wang, T.; Cochrane, C.; McCarron, P. Modulation of surface charge, particle size and morphological properties of chitosan-TPP nanoparticles intended for gene delivery. Colloids Surf. B 2005, 44, 65–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kitzman, D.; Cheng, K.J.; Fleckenstein, L. HPLC assay for albendazole and metabolites in human plasma for clinical pharmacokinetic studies. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2002, 30, 801–813. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fàbregas, A.; Miñarro, M.; García-Montoya, E.; Pérez-Lozano, P.; Carrillo, C.; Sarrate, R.; Sánchez, N.; Ticó, J.R.; Suñé-Negre, J.M. Impact of physical parameters on particle size and reaction yield when using the ionic gelation method to obtain cationic polymeric chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. 2013, 446, 199–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nasti, A.; Zaki, N.M.; de Leonaridis, P.; Ungphaiboon, S.; Rimoli, M.G.; Tirelli, N. Chitosan/TPP and chitosan/TPP-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: Systematic optimization of the preparative process and preliminary biological evaluation. Pharm. Res. 2009, 26, 1918–1930. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vila, A.; Sánchez, A.; Tobiĭo, M.; Calvo, P.; Alonso, M.J. Design of biodegradable particle for protein delivery. J. Control. Release. 2002, 78, 15–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, Z.; Razzak, M.; Tucker, I.G.; Medlicott, N.J. Physicochemical characterization of ricobendazole: I. Solubility, lipophilicity, and ionization characteristics. J. Pharm. Sci. 2005, 94, 983–993. [Google Scholar]
- Mukherjee, T.; Plakogiannis, F.M. Development and oral bioavailability assessment of a supersaturated self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of albendazole. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2010, 62, 1112–1120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kang, B.S.; Lee, S.E.; Ng, C.L.; Cho, C.W.; Park, J.S. Determination of preparation parameters for albendazole-loaded nanoparticles using chitosan and tripolyphosphate. J. Pharm. Invest. 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morrison, J.S.; Nophsker, M.J.; Haskell, R.J. A combination turbidity and supernatant microplate assay to rank-order the supersaturation limits of early drug candidates. J. Pharm. Sci. 2014, 103, 3022–3032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kang, B.-S.; Lee, S.-E.; Ng, C.L.; Kim, J.-K.; Park, J.-S. Exploring the Preparation of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles. Materials 2015, 8, 486-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8020486
Kang B-S, Lee S-E, Ng CL, Kim J-K, Park J-S. Exploring the Preparation of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles. Materials. 2015; 8(2):486-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8020486
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Bong-Seok, Sang-Eun Lee, Choon Lian Ng, Jin-Ki Kim, and Jeong-Sook Park. 2015. "Exploring the Preparation of Albendazole-Loaded Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles" Materials 8, no. 2: 486-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8020486