Optical and Piezoelectric Study of KNN Solid Solutions Co-Doped with La-Mn and Eu-Fe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural Characterization
- (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN)
- (K0.5Na0.5)0.995La0.004Nb0.995Mn0.0045O3 (KNNLM05)
- (K0.5Na0.5)0.992La0.008Nb0.990Mn0.0090O3 (KNNLM1)
- (K0.5Na0.5)0.995Eu0.005Nb0.995Fe0.005O3 (KNNEF05)
- (K0.5Na0.5)0.990Eu0.010Nb0.990Fe0.010O3 (KNNEF1)
2.2. EPR and Optical Analysis
2.3. Electric Characterization
3. Materials and Methods
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jaffe, B.; Cook, W.R.; Jaffe, H. Piezoelectric Ceramics; Academic Press: London, UK; New York, NY, USA, 1971; pp. 7–48 and pp. 185–210. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, K.; Li, J.-F. Analysis of crystallographic evolution in (Na,K)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics by X-ray diffraction. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 262902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ringgard, E.; Wurlitzer, T. Lead-free piezoceramics based on alkali niobates. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2005, 25, 1701–1706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Villafuerte-Castrejón, M.E.; Morán, E.; Reyes-Montero, A.; Vivar-Ocampo, R.; Peña-Jiménez, J.-A.; Rea-López, S.-O.; Pardo, L. Towards Lead-Free Piezoceramics: Facing a Synthesis Challenge. Materials 2016, 9, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saito, Y.; Takko, H.; Tani, T.; Nonoyama, T.; Tkatori, K.; Homma, T.; Nagaya, T.; Nakamura, M. Lead-free piezoceramics. Nature 2004, 42, 84–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ahtee, M.; Glazer, A.M. Lattice parameters and tilted octahedral in sodium-potasium niobate solid solutions. Acta Cryst. A 1976, 32, 434–446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katz, L.; Megaw, H.D. The structure of potassium niobate at room temperature: The solution of a pseudosymmetric structure by Fourier methods. Acta Cryst. 1967, 22, 639–648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hewat, A.W. Cubic-tetragonal-orthorhombic-rhombohedral ferroelectric transitions in perovskite potassium niobate: Neutron powder profile refinement of the structures. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 1973, 6, 2559–2572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- López-Juárez, R.; González, F.; Villafuerte-Castrejón, M.E. Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics with perovskite structure. In Ferroelectrics—Materials Aspects; Lallart, M., Ed.; In Tech: Rijeka, Croatia, 2011; pp. 305–330. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, S.Y.; Ahn, C.W.; Ullah, A.; Seog, H.J.; Kim, J.S.; Bae, S.H.; Kim, I.W. Effect of Mn substitution on ferroelectric and leakage current characteristics of lead-free (K0.5Na0.5)(MnxNb1-x)O3 thin films. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2011, 11, S266–S269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, B.H.; Yang, S.A.; Kang, S.W.; Choi, G.P.; Cho, S.Y.; Han, J.K.; Lee, G.J.; Lee, M.K.; Kim, I.W.; Bu, S.D. Change of electrical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)(Mn0.005Nb0.995)O3 thin films induced by gamma-ray irradiation. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2016, 16, S39–S44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Xu, Z.; Yao, X. Influence of MnO2 doping on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties and the domain structure in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 single crystals. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2010, 93, 941–944. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dan, H.K.; Zhou, D.; Wang, R.; Jiao, Q.; Yang, Z.; Song, Z.; Yu, X.; Qui, J. Effect of Mn2+ ions on the enhancement upconversion emission and energy transfer of Mn2+/Tb3+/Yb3+ tri-doped transparent glass-ceramics. Mater. Lett. 2015, 150, 76–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, W.; Zhou, Z.; Yang, B.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Z.; Chen, H.; Jiang, Y. Structure and piezoelectric properties of Fe-doped potassium sodium niobate tantalate lead-free ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2011, 94, 2489–2493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdulrahem, Y.M.; Gentile, A.L.; Stafsudd, O.M. The Effect of iron as a dopant on the dielectric properties of ferroelectric potassium tantalate niobate (KTaxNb1−xO3). J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100, 104111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, T.-H.; Hsiao, Y.-J.; Chang, Y.-S.; Chang, Y.-H. Photoluminescent characterization of KNbO3:Eu3+. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2006, 100, 418–422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, X.; Lau, C.M.; Kwok, K.W. Effect of phase transition on photo luminescence of Er-doped KNN ceramics. J. Luminescence 2014, 155, 343–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Song, H.; Kong, X.; Peng, H.; Sun, B.; Chen, B.; Zhang, J.; Xu, W.; Xia, H. Fluorescence properties of trivalent europium doped in various niobate codoped glasses. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 1482–1486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, H.; Peng, D.; Wang, X.; Tang, M.; Zhang, Q.; Yao, X. Green and red emission for (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3:Pr ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 2012, 111, 046102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.; Ge, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, H.; Li, J.; Jin, H.B. Comprehensive investigation of Er2O3 doped (Li,K,Na)NbO3 ceramics rendering potential application in novel multifunctional devices. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 683, 171–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, Y.; Wu, Z.; Jia, Y.; Wu, J.; Shen, Y.; Luo, H. Dual-enhancement of ferro-/piezoelectric and photoluminescent performance in Pr3+ doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 lead-free ceramics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 042902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, X.; Wu, Z.; Jia, Y.; Chen, J.; Zheng, R.K.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, H. Remanent-polarization-induced enhancement of photoluminescence in Pr3+-doped lead-free ferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramic. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102, 042907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, X.P.; Chen, Y.; Lam, K.H.; Choy, S.H.; Wang, J. Effect of MnO doping on properties of 0.97K0.5Na0.5NbO3–0.03(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 piezoelectric ceramic. J. Allows Compd. 2010, 506, 323–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malic, B.; Bernard, J.; Holc, J.; Jenko, D.; Kosec, M. Alkaline-earth doping in (K,Na)NbO3 based piezoceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2005, 25, 2707–2711. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ishizawa, N.; Wang, J.; Sakakura, T.; Inagaki, Y.; Kakimoto, K. Structural evolution of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 at high temperatures. J. Solid State Chem. 2010, 183, 2731–2738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, M.F. Microstructural control in the processing of electronic ceramics. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1981, 48, 53–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- George, D. Watkins, Electron spin resonance of Mn2+ in alkali chlorides: Association with vacancies and impurities. Phys. Rev. 1958, 113, 79–89. [Google Scholar]
- Singh, V.; Sivariamaiah, G.; Rao, J.L.; Kim, S.H. Optical and EPR properties of BaAl12O19:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor prepared by facile solution combustion approach. J. Luminescence 2015, 157, 74–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.F.; Xu, J.-J.; Chen, H.-Y. A new electrochemiluminescence emission of Mn2+-doped ZnS nanocrystals in aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 17581–17585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kripal, R.; Govind, H.; Bajpai, M.; Maurya, M. EPR and optical study of Mn2+ doped ammonium tartrate single crystals. Spectrochim. Acta Part A 2008, 71, 1302–1306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kripal, R.; Maurya, M. Characterization of Mn2+ doped tetramethylammoniumtetrachlorozincate single crystal using EPR and Optical absorption. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 108, 257–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Celayn, Ü.; Tapramaz, R. The EPR study of Mn2+ ion doped DADT single crystal produced under high pressure and temperature. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2016, 152, 680–684. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, Y.; Wang, M.; Wang, J.; Wu, M.; Wang, C. A high color purity red emitting phosphor CaYAlO4:Mn4+ for LEDs. J. Solid State Light. 2014, 1. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stoyanova, R.; Zhecheva, E.; Vassilev, S. Mn4+ environment in layered Li(Mg0.5-xNixMn0.5)O2 oxides monitored by EPR spectroscopy. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179, 378–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stoyanova, R.; Gorova, M.; Zhecheva, E. EPR of Mn4+ in spinels Li1+xMn2-xO4 with 0 < x < 0.1. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2000, 61, 609–614. [Google Scholar]
- Misra, S.K.; Andronenco, S.I.; Thurber, A.; Punnose, A.; Nalepa, A. An X-and Q-band Fe3+ EPR study of nanoparticles of magnetic semiconductor Zn1-xFexO. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2014, 363, 82–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vercamer, V.; Lelong, G.; Hijiya, H.; Kondo, Y.; Galoisy, L.; Calas, G. Diluted Fe3+ in silicate glasses: Structural effects of Fe-redox state and matrix composition. An optical absorption and X-band/Q-band EPR study. J. Non-Crystaline Solids 2015, 428, 138–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Devaraja, P.B.; Avadhani, D.N.; Nagabhushana, H.; Prashantha, S.C.; Sharma, S.C.; Nagabhushana, B.M.; Nagaswarupa, H.P.; Daruka Prasad, B. Luminescence properties of MgO:Fe3+ nanopowders for WLEDs under NUV excitation prepared via propellant combustion route. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 2015, 8, 362–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhydachevskii, Y.; Suchocki, A.; Pajaczkowska, A.; Kloss, A.; Szysiak, A.; Reszka, A. Spectroscopic properties of Mn4+ ions in SrLaAlO4. Opt. Mater. 2015, 35, 1664–1668. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, R. Apparent stretched-exponential luminescence decay in crystalline solids. J. Luminescence 2003, 102–103, 510–518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alemany, C.; Gonzalez, A.M.; Pardo, L.; Jimenez, B.; Carmona, F.; Mendiola, J. Automatic determination of complex constants of piezoelectric lossy materials in the radial mode. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 1995, 28, 945–956. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haertling, G.H. Ferroelectric ceramics: History and technology. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1999, 82, 797–818. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Panda, P.K. Review: Environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials. J. Mater. Sci. 2009, 44, 5049–5062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosen, C.Z.; Hiremath, B.V.; Newnham, R. Piezoelectricity; American Institute of Physics: New York, NY, USA, 1992; p. 205. [Google Scholar]
- Bruker AXS, (2005) TOPAS V4.1: General Profile and Structure Analysis Software for Powder Diffraction Data—User’s Manual, Bruker AXS, Brisbane, Australia, TOPAS. Available online: http://www.topas-academic.net (accessed on 14 July 2016).
Composition | KNN | KNNLM05 | KNNLM1 | KNNEF05 | KNNEF1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RWP % | 10.03 | 11.07 | 10.09 | 9.76 | 11.04 |
a (Å) | 4.005 a | 3.101 (6) | 3.964 (2) | 3.261 (4) | 3.976 (2) |
b (Å) | 3.944 a | 3.601 (2) | 3.964 (3) | 3.317 (4) | 3.976 (2) |
c (Å) | 4.002 a | 4.005 (6) | 3.989 (2) | 4.005 (4) | 3.981 (3) |
Crystal system | ortho | ortho | tetragonal | ortho | tetragonal |
Space group | Amm2 | Amm2 | P4mm | Amm2 | P4mm |
Volume (Å3) | 127 (2) | 121 (1) | 122 (1) | 122 (1) | 124 (1) |
Average crystallite size (nm) | 37 (3) | 54 (4) | 8 (3) | 39 (3) | 30 (2) |
Calculated density (g/cm3) | 4.578 | 4.495 (6) | 4.528 (3) | 4.543 (4) | 4.568 (4) |
Compound | Calculated Density (g/cm3) | Experimental Density (g/cm3) | Densification (%) |
---|---|---|---|
KNN | 4.578 | 4.329 | 94.6 |
KNNLM05 | 4.495 (6) | 4.399 | 97.9 |
KNNLM1 | 4.528 (3) | 4.266 | 94.2 |
KNNEF05 | 4.543 (4) | 4.378 | 96.4 |
KNNEF1 | 4.568 (4) | 4.419 | 96.7 |
Composition | 2Pr (μC/cm2) | 2EC (kV/cm) |
---|---|---|
KNN | 6.2 | 0.9 |
KNNLM05 | 12.45 | 1.05 |
KNNEF1 | 13.54 | 1.07 |
Sample | KNN | KNNLM05 | KNNLM1 | KNNEF05 | KNNEF1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ (g/cm3) | 4.34 | 4.4 | 4.27 | 4.375 | 4.415 |
R2 | 0.9973 | 0.9978 | 0.9992 | 0.9982 | 0.9809 |
Np (kHz·mm) | 3357 | 2997 | 2353 | 2874 | 3378 |
kp (%) | 34.1 | 26,7 | 16.8 | 23.9 | 31.9 |
k31 (%) | 20.0 | 13.7 | 12.0 | 14.2 | 18.7 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.311 + 0.0003 i | 0.475 + 0.0001 i | – | 0.295 − 0.0001 i | 0.312 + 0.0001 i |
c11pE (1010 N·m−2) | 11.43 + 0.04 i | 8.42 + 0.02 i | 7.03 + 0.04 i | 8.52 + 0.04 i | 11.76 + 0.16 i |
s11E (10−12 m2·N−1) | 9.69 − 0.03 i | 15.33 − 0.04 i | 14.23 − 0.07 i | 12.85 − 0.05 i | 9.42 − 0.13 i |
s12E (10−12 m2·N−1) | −3.02 + 0.01 i | −7.28 + 0.02 i | – | −3.79 + 0.02 i | −2.94 + 0.04 i |
d31 (10−12 C·N−1) | −28.99 + 0.27 i | −25.55 + 0.19 i | −19.20 + 0.36 i | −30.09 + 0.44 i | −40.13 + 1.56 i |
ε33T (real) | 244.86 | 257.38 | 203.14 | 395.23 | 552.15 |
tan δ | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.030 | 0.021 | 0.037 |
s66E (10−12 m2·N−1) | 25.41 − 0.09 i | 45.23 − 0.13 i | 27.72 − 0.14 i | 33.26 − 0.14 i | 24.71 − 0.33 i |
c11pD (1010 N·m−2) | 12.41 + 0.04 i | 8.90 + 0.03 i | 7.13 + 0.04 i | 8.86 + 0.04 i | 12.64 + 0.15 i |
s11D (10−12 m2·N−1) | 9.30 − 0.03 i | 15.05 − 0.04 i | 14.02 − 0.07 i | 12.59 − 0.0520 i | 9.09 − 0.11 i |
s12D (10−12 m2·N−1) | −3.40 + 0.01 i | −7.60 + 0.02 i | – | -4.04 + 0.02 i | −3.27 + 0.05 i |
g31 (10−3 m·V·N−1) | −13.37 − 0.08 i | −11.21 − 0.06 i | −10.67 − 0.14 i | −8.60 − 0.05 i | −8.21 + 0.01 i |
d33 (10−12 C/N) | 98 | 120 | 94 | 105 | 116 |
dh (10−12 C/N) | 40 | 69 | 56 | 45 | 36 |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Peña-Jiménez, J.-A.; González, F.; López-Juárez, R.; Hernández-Alcántara, J.-M.; Camarillo, E.; Murrieta-Sánchez, H.; Pardo, L.; Villafuerte-Castrejón, M.-E. Optical and Piezoelectric Study of KNN Solid Solutions Co-Doped with La-Mn and Eu-Fe. Materials 2016, 9, 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9100805
Peña-Jiménez J-A, González F, López-Juárez R, Hernández-Alcántara J-M, Camarillo E, Murrieta-Sánchez H, Pardo L, Villafuerte-Castrejón M-E. Optical and Piezoelectric Study of KNN Solid Solutions Co-Doped with La-Mn and Eu-Fe. Materials. 2016; 9(10):805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9100805
Chicago/Turabian StylePeña-Jiménez, Jesús-Alejandro, Federico González, Rigoberto López-Juárez, José-Manuel Hernández-Alcántara, Enrique Camarillo, Héctor Murrieta-Sánchez, Lorena Pardo, and María-Elena Villafuerte-Castrejón. 2016. "Optical and Piezoelectric Study of KNN Solid Solutions Co-Doped with La-Mn and Eu-Fe" Materials 9, no. 10: 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9100805