Effects of Temperature on the Compressive Strength Parallel to the Grain of Bamboo Scrimbe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Specimen Heat Processing
2.3. Mass Loss Test
2.4. Mechanical Test
2.5. FTIR Test
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mass Loss
3.2. Color Changes
3.3. Compressive Analysis
3.4. Changes of Chemical Components
4. Conclusions
- The average compressive strength parallel to the grain of bamboo scrimber was found to be 133 MPa at 20 °C, 61.4 MPa in a designated “during fire” group and 115 MPa in a “post-fire” group at 225 °C. The strength loss of these two groups was 54% and 14%.
- There were significant differences in the compressive properties between the two groups. At one set temperature level, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the “post-fire” group were significantly higher than the ‘during fire’ group, but the ductility coefficient of these two groups was reversed.
- The compressive strength was affected by temperature, but there were other complicating factors at play including moisture content, the adhesive used and raw material.
- Changes in the color of bamboo scrimber occurred in the inner and external areas of the samples after being subjected to high temperature, which became more apparent at temperatures above 150 °C.
- FTIR test results showed that 175 °C was a key turning point, at which the cellulose in the bamboo and the phenolic compounds in the resin thermally decomposed. These results may help to estimate the behavior of bamboo structures during a fire using numerical analysis, to predict the residual load capacity of the material.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature (°C) | Number of Specimens | Group A | Group B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avg (g/cm3) | SD (g/cm3) | Avg (g/cm3) | SD (g/cm3) | ||
20 | 10 | 1.117 | 0.071 | - | - |
50 | 18 | 1.142 | 0.033 | 1.173 | 0.022 |
75 | 18 | 1.167 | 0.041 | 1.151 | 0.052 |
100 | 18 | 1.150 | 0.025 | 1.148 | 0.024 |
125 | 18 | 1.134 | 0.032 | 1.141 | 0.042 |
150 | 18 | 1.143 | 0.036 | 1.169 | 0.042 |
175 | 18 | 1.142 | 0.034 | 1.116 | 0.044 |
200 | 18 | 1.165 | 0.041 | 1.153 | 0.043 |
225 | 18 | 1.144 | 0.037 | 1.119 | 0.061 |
Total | 152 |
Heated Temperature (°C) | Group A | Group B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f (MPa) | E (MPa) | μ | f (MPa) | E (MPa) | μ | |
20 | 133.0 ± 10.8a | 4492 ± 145a | 1.99 ± 0.26b | 133.0 ± 10.8d | 4492 ± 145ab | 1.99 ± 0.26b |
50 | 102.9 ± 4.1d | 4165 ± 264b | 2.08 ± 0.14ab | 147.3 ± 4.1c | 4532 ± 114ab | 1.82 ± 0.33ab |
75 | 96.5 ± 3.4e | 4078 ± 268bc | 2.11 ± 0.33ab | 155.8 ± 6.1c | 4484 ± 190ab | 1.83 ± 0.16ab |
100 | 102.2 ± 5.0d | 4014 ± 221bcd | 2.17 ± 0.22ab | 185.3 ± 4.6b | 4603 ± 91a | 1.84 ± 0.22ab |
125 | 119.7 ± 3.3b | 4078 ± 83bc | 2.15 ± 0.34ab | 206.0 ± 10.1a | 4602 ± 107a | 1.61 ± 0.16bc |
150 | 109.0 ± 4.3c | 3810 ± 155d | 2.15 ± 0.29ab | 206.7 ± 7.4a | 4436 ± 163b | 1.52 ± 0.28bc |
175 | 96.3 ± 4.3e | 3878 ± 247cd | 1.95 ± 0.31b | 202.5 ± 7.5a | 4561 ± 135ab | 1.99 ± 0.44a |
200 | 75.3 ± 4.1f | 3920 ± 94bcd | 1.86 ± 0.10b | 179.9 ± 7.3b | 4528 ± 69ab | 1.32 ± 0.14c |
225 | 61.4 ± 4.3g | 3313 ± 363e | 2.40 ± 0.51a | 114. 8 ± 13.4e | 4087 ± 147c | 1.72 ± 0.49ab |
Number | Wavenumber (cm−1) | Absorption Peak Location and Assignment |
---|---|---|
1 | 1712 | C=O stretching of xylan (hemicelluloses) |
2 | 1596 | C=C stretching of benzene ring (phenolic resin) |
3 | 1510 | Carbon skeleton stretching of benzene ring (lignin of bamboo) |
4 | 1427 | C-H stretching of methlene |
5 | 1373 | C-H deforming and stretching (cellulose and hemicelluloses of bamboo) |
6 | 1108 | C-H stretching of aromatic ring (phenolic resin) |
7 | 1053 | C-O stretching |
8 | 897 | Anomeric carbon (C1) stretching (cellulose of bamboo) |
Temperature (°C) | I1596/I1108 | I897/I1108 |
---|---|---|
20 | 4.98a | 0.93a |
125 | 4.95a | 0.84a |
175 | 4.41b | 0.61b |
225 | 2.92c | 0.25c |
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Zhong, Y.; Ren, H.-Q.; Jiang, Z.-H. Effects of Temperature on the Compressive Strength Parallel to the Grain of Bamboo Scrimbe. Materials 2016, 9, 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9060436
Zhong Y, Ren H-Q, Jiang Z-H. Effects of Temperature on the Compressive Strength Parallel to the Grain of Bamboo Scrimbe. Materials. 2016; 9(6):436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9060436
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhong, Yong, Hai-Qing Ren, and Ze-Hui Jiang. 2016. "Effects of Temperature on the Compressive Strength Parallel to the Grain of Bamboo Scrimbe" Materials 9, no. 6: 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9060436