The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Species Description
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Emergence at the End of the Study Period
3.2. Emergence through the Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shrub | 1.681 | 1 | 1.681 | 20.016 | <0.001 |
Fence | 0.001 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.915 |
Quercus species | 2.585 | 1 | 2.585 | 30.770 | <0.001 |
Size | 0.195 | 1 | 0.195 | 2.316 | 0.133 |
Site | 0.691 | 4 | 0.173 | 2.056 | 0.097 |
Shrub × Fence | 0.211 | 1 | 0.211 | 2.509 | 0.118 |
Shrub × Quercus | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.004 | 0.950 |
Shrub × Size | 0.183 | 1 | 0.183 | 2.175 | 0.145 |
Fence × Quercus | 0.724 | 1 | 0.724 | 8.621 | 0.005 |
Fence × Size | 0.008 | 1 | 0.008 | 0.096 | 0.758 |
Quercus × Size | 0.064 | 1 | 0.064 | 0.757 | 0.387 |
Error | 5.460 | 65 | 0.084 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | 85.208 | 13 | 6.554 | 236.622 | <0.001 |
Time × Shrub | 2.007 | 13 | 0.154 | 5.574 | <0.001 |
Time × Fence | 0.342 | 13 | 0.026 | 0.95 | 0.5 |
Time × Quercus | 1.214 | 13 | 0.093 | 3.37 | <0.001 |
Time × Size | 0.672 | 13 | 0.052 | 1.867 | 0.03 |
Time × Shrub × Fence | 1.824 | 13 | 0.14 | 5.066 | <0.001 |
Time × Shrub × Quercus | 0.791 | 13 | 0.061 | 2.196 | 0.008 |
Time × Shrub × Size | 0.188 | 13 | 0.014 | 0.523 | 0.912 |
Time × Fence × Quercus | 0.529 | 13 | 0.041 | 1.469 | 0.123 |
Time × Fence × Size | 0.054 | 13 | 0.004 | 0.149 | 1 |
Time × Quercus × Size | 0.51 | 13 | 0.039 | 1.415 | 0.146 |
Error (Time) | 24.847 | 897 | 0.028 |
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Díaz-Hernández, R.; Vicente Villardón, J.L.; Martínez-Ruiz, C.; Fernández-Santos, B. The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas. Forests 2021, 12, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030307
Díaz-Hernández R, Vicente Villardón JL, Martínez-Ruiz C, Fernández-Santos B. The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas. Forests. 2021; 12(3):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030307
Chicago/Turabian StyleDíaz-Hernández, Roberto, José Luis Vicente Villardón, Carolina Martínez-Ruiz, and Belén Fernández-Santos. 2021. "The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas" Forests 12, no. 3: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030307
APA StyleDíaz-Hernández, R., Vicente Villardón, J. L., Martínez-Ruiz, C., & Fernández-Santos, B. (2021). The Effects of Native Shrub, Fencing, and Acorn Size on the Emergence of Contrasting Co-Occurring Oak in Mediterranean Grazed Areas. Forests, 12(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030307