Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Region
2.2. Field Data
2.3. Modeling the Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer
- -
- Attributive data (variables for each subcompartment as an XLSS file) and subcompartment geometry (Esri shp format) were joined in one vector layer for the whole Luhansk region;
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- Subcompartments with a Fraxinus sp. presence were selected;
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- Vector layer projection was converted to EPSG:3856 (Pseudo-Mercator);
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- Values of each variable (columns or fields) in the attribute table (see Table 1) were converted to raster images in the GeoTIFF format;
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- All raster images obtained were converted to ASC files for further use in MaxEnt 3.4.4.
3. Results
3.1. Field Data
3.2. Modeling the Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Short Name | Variable Description | Limits |
---|---|---|
Var_1 | Hygrotope index (humidity level) | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Var_2 | Trophotope index (A, B, C, D) | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
Var_3 | The proportion of F. excelsior in the stand composition, % | 10–100 |
Var_4 | The presence of any Fraxinus species in the stand composition | 1/0 |
Var_5 | Age of trees, years | 30–110 |
Var_6 | Mean height of trees, m | 6–25 |
Var_7 | Mean diameter of trees, cm (DBH) | 4–36 |
Var_8 | Relative density of stocking | 0.5–0.9 |
Var_9 | Site index class | 1–5 |
Var_10 | Area of forest subcompartment | 0.5–59.5 |
Var_11 | Number of non-forested lands neighboring subcompartment | 0–8 |
Variables | AUC | Contribution, % | Permutation, % | Aggregated Contribution, % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age of trees, years (Var_5) | 0.7 | 38.9 | 31.4 | 38.9 |
Area of forest subcompartment, ha (Var_10) | 0.6 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 52.8 |
Mean height of trees, m (Var_6) | 0.7 | 11.2 | 17.1 | 64.0 |
The proportion of F. excelsior in the stand composition, % (Var_3) | 0.6 | 10.6 | 4.3 | 74.6 |
Hygrotope index (humidity level), points (Var_1) | 0.6 | 8.3 | 13.5 | 82.9 |
Number of non-forested lands neighboring subcompartment, point (Var_11) | 0.6 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 88.2 |
Site index class, point (Var_9) | 0.5 | 5.8 | 8.3 | 94.0 |
Relative density of stocking, unit fraction (Var_8) | 0.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 96.1 |
Mean diameter of trees, cm (DBH) (Var_7) | 0.6 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 97.8 |
Trophotope index (soil richness level), points (Var_2) | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 99.1 |
The presence of any Fraxinus species in the stand composition, 1/0 (Var_4) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 100.0 |
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Meshkova, V.; Borysenko, O.; Kucheryavenko, T.; Vysotska, N.; Skrylnyk, Y.; Davydenko, K.; Holusa, J. Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine. Forests 2024, 15, 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030511
Meshkova V, Borysenko O, Kucheryavenko T, Vysotska N, Skrylnyk Y, Davydenko K, Holusa J. Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine. Forests. 2024; 15(3):511. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030511
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeshkova, Valentyna, Oleksandr Borysenko, Tetiana Kucheryavenko, Natalia Vysotska, Yuriy Skrylnyk, Kateryna Davydenko, and Jaroslav Holusa. 2024. "Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine" Forests 15, no. 3: 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030511
APA StyleMeshkova, V., Borysenko, O., Kucheryavenko, T., Vysotska, N., Skrylnyk, Y., Davydenko, K., & Holusa, J. (2024). Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine. Forests, 15(3), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030511