Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees: A Case Study of a Green Space at Chungnam National University Using i-Tree Eco
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and Stand Characteristics
2.2. Sample Plots and Field Data Measurements
2.3. Estimation and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (ESs)
2.3.1. Air Pollution Removal
2.3.2. Carbon Stock and Sequestration
2.3.3. Energy Savings
2.3.4. Oxygen Production
2.3.5. Avoided Runoff
2.3.6. Replacement and Functional Values
2.3.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Estimated and Valued Ecosystem Services
3.1.1. Air Pollution Removal
3.1.2. Carbon Sequestration (Cseq) and Stock (C Stocks)
3.1.3. Oxygen Production
3.1.4. Trees and Building Energy Savings
3.1.5. Avoided Runoff
3.2. Replacement and Functional Values
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Tree Density (tree/ha) | Canopy Cover (m2) | LAI (m2) | Basal Area (m2) | Cseq (Mg/yr) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. | 59 | 439.4 | 1243.6 | 1.80 | 0.19 |
Pinus rigida Mill. | 40 | 470.1 | 1053.6 | 1.20 | 0.17 |
Junipers chinensis L. | 26 | 23.1 | 69.6 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
Acer palmatum Thunb. | 20 | 190.8 | 989.8 | 0.60 | 0.07 |
Liriodendron tulipifera L. | 16 | 98.9 | 824.8 | 0.30 | 0.13 |
Quercus aliena Blume | 12 | 62.9 | 227.7 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino | 12 | 132.8 | 858.8 | 0.30 | 0.07 |
Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton | 11 | 20.0 | 70.1 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. | 10 | 144.9 | 1201.7 | 0.20 | 0.03 |
Quercus acutissima Carruth. | 10 | 272.5 | 1891.7 | 0.60 | 0.22 |
Abies holophylla Maxim. | 7 | 23.3 | 138.2 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng | 7 | 106.8 | 1100.9 | 0.60 | 0.06 |
Acer buergerianum Miq. | 5 | 55.0 | 566.5 | 0.20 | 0.07 |
Ginkgo biloba L. | 5 | 29.4 | 176.1 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Komarov | 5 | 20.1 | 35.9 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
Distylium sp. | 5 | 13.4 | 29.4 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
Quercus variabilis Blume | 5 | 47.9 | 254.5 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
Prunus serrulata Lindl. | 5 | 84.5 | 471.0 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
Prunus sargentii Rehder | 5 | 92.6 | 361.0 | 0.50 | 0.14 |
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. | 3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Magnolia kobus DC. | 3 | 1.5 | 22.7 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
Pinus strobus L. | 3 | .6 | 1.8 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. | 3 | 22.9 | 68.9 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
Cercis chinensis Bunge | 3 | 4.0 | 5.9 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Alnus incana (L.) Moench | 2 | 19.2 | 40.3 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. ssp. | 2 | 29.0 | 121.8 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. | 2 | 40.7 | 142.4 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
Species | Oxygen Production (kg) | Carbon Storage (Mg) | Number of Trees | Leaf Area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quercus acutissima Carruth. | 460.87 | 8.0 | 10 | 0.48 |
Juniperus chinensis L. | 383.29 | 1.7 | 26 | 0.02 |
Liriodendron tulipitera L. | 318.37 | 2.5 | 16 | 0.22 |
Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino | 157.84 | 1.7 | 12 | 0.19 |
Acer buergerianum Miq. | 155.20 | 2.0 | 5 | 0.15 |
Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Komarov | 154.08 | 1.4 | 5 | 0.01 |
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. | 143.14 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.03 |
Distylium sp. | 139.97 | 0.4 | 5 | 0.01 |
Prunus serrulata Lindl. | 129.06 | 3.4 | 5 | 0.12 |
Acer palmatum Thunb. | 118.66 | 5.1 | 20 | 0.25 |
Quercus variabilis Blume | 101.84 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.06 |
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng | 96.41 | 2.5 | 7 | 0.25 |
Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton | 72.85 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.02 |
Magnolia kobus DC. | 66.83 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.01 |
Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. ssp. | 64.07 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.02 |
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. | 52.74 | 1.1 | 10 | 0.32 |
Quercus aliena Blume | 40.81 | 2.0 | 12 | 0.06 |
Ginkgo biloba L. | 32.60 | 0.4 | 5 | 0.05 |
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. | 26.15 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.00 |
Cercis chinensis Bunge | 12.14 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.00 |
Heating | Cooling | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
MBTU a | 68.409 | N/A | 68.409 |
MWH b | 0.519 | 1.166 | 1.685 |
Carbon avoided (Mg) | 1.597 | 0.178 | 1.775 |
Heating | Cooling | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
MBTU a | 587 | N/A | 68 |
MWH b | 39,666 | 89,076 | 128,743 |
Carbon avoided (Mg) | 364,465 | 40,668 | 405,133 |
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Hintural, W.P.; Jeon, H.J.; Kim, S.Y.; Go, S.; Park, B.B. Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees: A Case Study of a Green Space at Chungnam National University Using i-Tree Eco. Forests 2024, 15, 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081446
Hintural WP, Jeon HJ, Kim SY, Go S, Park BB. Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees: A Case Study of a Green Space at Chungnam National University Using i-Tree Eco. Forests. 2024; 15(8):1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081446
Chicago/Turabian StyleHintural, Wencelito Palis, Hee Jeong Jeon, Seo Young Kim, San Go, and Byung Bae Park. 2024. "Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees: A Case Study of a Green Space at Chungnam National University Using i-Tree Eco" Forests 15, no. 8: 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081446