Temporal Variations in Methane Emissions from a Restored Mangrove Ecosystem in Southern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. EC Flux and Meteorological Measurements
2.3. Processing of Flux Data and Gap-Filling
2.4. Random Forest Models
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Conditions in the Restored Mangrove Ecosystem during 2020–2022
3.2. Temporal Variations in CH4 Fluxes in the Restored Mangrove
3.3. Biophysical Drivers of CH4 Fluxes in the Restored Mangrove
4. Discussion
4.1. CH4 Emissions from Natural and Restored Mangrove Ecosystems
Site | Location | Method | Annual CH4 Flux | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
(g C m−2 Year−1) | ||||
Sundarbans, IND | 21.46° S, 81.43° E | Eddy Covariance | 40.15 | [32] |
Guangdong, China | 22.60° N, 113.64° E | Eddy Covariance | 25.50 | [8] |
Hong Kang, China | 22.49° N, 114.02° E | Eddy Covariance | 11.70 | [15] |
Zhejiang, China | 27.58° N, 120.57° E | Eddy Covariance | 7.44 | This study |
Pichavaram, IND | 25.61° S, 79.79° E | Eddy Covariance | 6.00 | [31] |
Fujian, China | 23.92° N, 117.41° E | Eddy Covariance | 3.10 | [33] |
Hainan, China | 19.96° N, 110.58° E | Chamber | 11.00 | [61] |
Guangdong, China | 23.27° N, 116.52° E | Chamber | 4.90 | [62] |
Hainan, China | 19.96°S, 110.54° E | Chamber | 3.63 | [63] |
Fujian, China | 23.92° N, 117.41° E | Chamber | 1.83 | [64] |
Hainan, China | 19.63° N, 110.77° E | Chamber | 1.49 | [55] |
Fujian, China | 23.92° N, 117.41° E | Chamber | 1.26 | [54] |
Guangxi, China | 21.50° N, 109.20° E | Chamber | 1.05 | [65] |
Taiwan, China | 24.68° N, 120.84° E | Chamber | 0.88 | [56] |
Fujian, China | 24.55° N, 118.03° E | Chamber | 0.47 | [66] |
Taiwan, China | 23.36° N, 120.13° E | Chamber | 0.15 | [56] |
Guangdong, China | 22.45° N, 113.63° E | Chamber | -0.03 | [67] |
4.2. Complex Effects of Environmental Factors on CH4 Fluxes in the Restored Mangrove Ecosystem
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Environmental Drivers | Stepwise Linear Regression | Random Forest Algorithm | |
---|---|---|---|
R2 | Feature Importance | SD | |
LE | 0.09 | 0.157 | 0.012 |
Tsoil | 0.18 | 0.044 | 0.037 |
rainfall | 0.19 | 0.117 | 0.017 |
Tide | 0.19 a | 0.086 | 0.014 |
VPD | 0.19 a | 0.061 | 0.018 |
H | 0.19 a | 0.046 | 0.011 |
PAR | 0.19 a | 0.044 | 0.014 |
SWC | 0.19 a | 0.043 | 0.002 |
TA | 0.19 a | 0.034 | 0.020 |
RH | 0.19 a | 0.031 | 0.008 |
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Tian, P.; Li, X.; Xu, Z.; Wu, L.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, M.; Zhang, S.; Cai, H.; Xu, M.; et al. Temporal Variations in Methane Emissions from a Restored Mangrove Ecosystem in Southern China. Forests 2024, 15, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091487
Tian P, Li X, Xu Z, Wu L, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chen M, Zhang S, Cai H, Xu M, et al. Temporal Variations in Methane Emissions from a Restored Mangrove Ecosystem in Southern China. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091487
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Pengpeng, Xianglan Li, Zhe Xu, Liangxu Wu, Yuting Huang, Zhao Zhang, Mengna Chen, Shumin Zhang, Houcai Cai, Minghai Xu, and et al. 2024. "Temporal Variations in Methane Emissions from a Restored Mangrove Ecosystem in Southern China" Forests 15, no. 9: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091487