Carbon Sequestration and Storage of Urban Trees in a Polluted Semiarid City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Research Methods
2.2.1. i-Tree Eco Model
2.2.2. Model Development for the Study Area
- (1)
- Location information: This includes details such as the climate zone; latitude and longitude of the study area; elevation (meters above sea level); the number of leaf-on and leaf-off days of trees; and average daily temperature, rainfall, and snowfall levels, among other climate-related parameters.
- (2)
- Precipitation data: Hourly rainfall and snowfall data for the year 2018, captured from the Mehrabad Synoptic Station, were used. Additionally, other required climate data were automatically retrieved by the model from the National Climatic Data Center.
- (3)
- Air pollution data: Hourly data on the concentrations of major air pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and CO) were obtained from the Tehran Air Quality Control Company for the year 2018.
2.2.3. Determining the Number of Plots
2.2.4. Data Collection
2.3. Carbon Sequestration and Storage Ecosystem Services of Trees
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Carbon Sequestration by Urban Trees in Tehran
3.2. Carbon Storage by Urban Trees in Tehran
3.3. Management Implications
3.4. Research Limitations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Land Use Classes | Description | No. of Plots | No. of Inaccessible Plots | Total Area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial and industrial land use | Industrial and commercial centers | 20 | 0 | 3375 |
Parks and urban green spaces | Parks, open areas, and urban forests | 42 | 2 | 5213 |
Residential areas | Family and mixed residences | 141 | 6 | 25,732 |
Roads and transportation land use | Roads and transportation system lands | 76 | 3 | 15,706 |
Urban services land use | Hospitals, universities, education, and cultural centers | 51 | 3 | 8996 |
Study area (total) | Tehran city | 330 | 14 | 59,023 |
Land Use Classes | Net Carbon Sequestration (t yr−1) | CO2 Equivalent (t yr−1) | Net Carbon Sequestration (t yr−1 ha−1 of the Study Area) | CO2 Equivalent (t ha−1 yr−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial and industrial land use | 8809.5 | 32,304.4 | 0.89 | 3.27 |
Parks and urban green spaces | 15,680.6 | 57,500.7 | 3.06 | 11.21 |
Residential areas | 18,578.6 | 68,127.7 | 0.75 | 2.73 |
Roads and transportation land use | 6697.1 | 24,558.3 | 0.75 | 2.76 |
Urban services land use | 10,336.0 | 37,902.2 | 1.18 | 4.32 |
Study area (total) | 60,101.8 | 220,393.3 | 1.04 | 3.82 |
Species | Number | Leaf Area (ha) | Carbon Sequestration (t yr−1) | Carbon Sequestration (t yr−1 ha−1 of Leaf Area) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cupressus arizonica | 666,802 | 1582.9 | 11,890 | 7.51 |
Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis | 249,201 | 442.7 | 3110 | 7.00 |
Platycladus orientalis | 515,493 | 579.7 | 3110 | 5.36 |
Robinia pseudoacacia | 711,562 | 1087.1 | 3980 | 3.66 |
Ulmus americana | 246,165 | 1056.2 | 3120 | 2.95 |
Fraxinus rotundifolia | 335,787 | 1181.0 | 2890 | 2.45 |
Pinus eldarica | 928,223 | 6205.5 | 8990 | 1.45 |
Platanus orientalis | 595,362 | 4310.4 | 5099 | 1.18 |
Land Use Classes | Carbon Storage (t) | CO2 Equivalent (t) | CO2 Equivalent (t ha−1) | CO2 Equivalent (t ha−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial and industrial land use | 31,909.8 | 117,002.6 | 3.16 | 11.57 |
Parks and urban green spaces | 59,565.1 | 218,405.5 | 11.43 | 41.90 |
Residential areas | 95,764.6 | 351,136.8 | 3.72 | 13.65 |
Roads and transportation land use | 27,891.7 | 102,269.5 | 3.09 | 11.33 |
Urban services land use | 39,447.4 | 144,640.4 | 4.38 | 16.08 |
Study area (total) | 254,578.6 | 933,454.8 | 4.31 | 15.80 |
City (Country) | C Storage (kg C m−2) | C Sequestration (kg C m−2 year−1) | Tree Cover (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jersey City (USA) | 4.37 | 0.132 | 11.5 | [35] |
Tabriz (Iran) | 0.65 | 0.106 | 9.4 | [35] |
Chicago (USA) | 6.03 | 0.212 | 18 | [35] |
Tehran (Iran) | 2.29 | 0.542 | 14.2 | Present study |
Golden (USA) | 5.88 | 0.181 | 11.4 | [35] |
Lincoln (USA) | 10.64 | 0.351 | 14.4 | [35] |
Omaha (USA) | 14.14 | 0.401 | 14.8 | [35] |
San Francisco (USA) | 9.18 | 0.221 | 16.0 | [35] |
Kansas (USA) | 7.42 | 0.221 | 14.0 | [35] |
Nebraska (USA) | 6.67 | 0.227 | 15.0 | [35] |
South Dakota | 3.14 | 0.111 | 16.5 | [35] |
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Rasoolzadeh, R.; Mobarghaee Dinan, N.; Esmaeilzadeh, H.; Rashidi, Y.; Marcu, M.V.; Sadeghi, S.M.M. Carbon Sequestration and Storage of Urban Trees in a Polluted Semiarid City. Forests 2024, 15, 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091488
Rasoolzadeh R, Mobarghaee Dinan N, Esmaeilzadeh H, Rashidi Y, Marcu MV, Sadeghi SMM. Carbon Sequestration and Storage of Urban Trees in a Polluted Semiarid City. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091488
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasoolzadeh, Reihaneh, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, Hassan Esmaeilzadeh, Yousef Rashidi, Marina Viorela Marcu, and Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi. 2024. "Carbon Sequestration and Storage of Urban Trees in a Polluted Semiarid City" Forests 15, no. 9: 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091488