Environmental Driving Mechanism and Response of Soil’s Fungal Functional Structure to Near-Naturalization in a Warm Temperate Plantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Research Area and Setup of Quadrats
2.2. Analysis of Plant Community Structure and Diversity
2.2.1. Calculation of Importance Values
2.2.2. Biomass Calculation
2.2.3. α-Diversity Calculation
2.3. Determination of Soil Physicochemical Properties
2.3.1. Soil Sampling
2.3.2. Determination of Soil Indices
2.4. Soil Microbial Sequencing and Annotation
2.5. Prediction of Fungal Function
2.6. Data Processing and Analysis
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Changes in Plant Community Structure and Soil Properties
3.2. Influence of Near-Naturalization on the Abundance of Fungal Functional Groups
3.3. Correlation between Vegetation and Soil Properties, and the Abundance of Soil Fungal Functional Groups
3.4. Effects of Near-Naturalization on the Functional Structure of Fungal Community of Soil Fungi
3.5. Factors Influencing the Near-Naturalization of the Soil Fungi Community’s Functional Structure
3.5.1. Influence of Tree Layer Diversity
3.5.2. Influence of Vegetation Composition
3.5.3. Influence of Soil Physicochemical Properties
3.5.4. Influence of Soil Enzyme Activity
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Near-Naturalization on the Abundance of Fungal Functional Groups
4.2. Effects of Environmental Factors on the Abundance of Functional Groups of Fungi
4.3. Effects of Near-Naturalization on the Functional Structure of the Fungal Community
4.4. Effects of Environmental Factors on the Functional Structure of the Soil Fungal Community
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Biomass Allometry Equation |
---|---|
Pinus tabulaeformis | Y = e−1.41+6.92/T × D1.03 × H1.08 + 13.41 Y: (t), D: (m2), H: (m) |
Quercus variabilis | Y = 0.022337662(D2H)0.993056421 + 0.006221667(D2H)1.008154429 + 0.001179057(D2H)1.298105392 + 0.018493229(D2H)0.671232912 + 0.014665102(D2H)0.950577264 Y: (kg), D: (cm2), H: (m) |
Robinia pseudoacacia | Y = 0.020(D2H) + 1.974 Y: (kg), D: (cm2), H: (m) |
Juglans mandshurica | lnY = −2.471 + 2.667 × ln(D) |
Quercus mongolica | lnY = −3.453 + 1.004 × ln(D2 + H) |
Tilia amurensis | lnY = −3.771 + 1.013 × ln(D2 + H) |
Other species | lnY = −2.560 + 2.308 × ln(DBH) + 0.341 × lnH Y: (g), D: (cm2), H: (m) |
Soil Indicator | P | M | NNF | NF |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOC (mg·kg−1) | 79.40 ± 14.02 | 95.88 ± 13.18 | 79.94 ± 17.85 | 105.41 ± 21.03 |
AP (mg·kg−1) | 38.58 ± 32.35 | 33.89 ± 43.06 | 45.40 ± 10.99 | 40.28 ± 33.67 |
TP (mg·kg−1) | 545.80 ± 159.6 | 472.02 ± 88.10 | 563.10 ± 193.3 | 532.09 ± 159.4 |
NO3—N (mg·kg−1) | 13.32 ± 2.26 | 9.97 ± 3.55 | 15.42 ± 3.73 | 21.17 ± 8.00 |
NH4+-N (mg·kg−1) | 8.10 ± 0.72 | 8.72 ± 7.46 | 4.84 ± 3.05 | 10.50 ± 3.98 |
pH | 4.79 ± 0.19 | 4.64 ± 0.34 | 5.85 ± 0.38 | 5.74 ± 0.88 |
DW (%) | 95.71 ± 1.19 | 97.11 ± 0.97 | 96.73 ± 3.27 | 95.89 ± 1.90 |
TC (%) | 7.18 ± 3.55 | 5.16 ± 0.37 | 7.15 ± 1.16 | 7.55 ± 2.78 |
TN (%) | 0.52 ± 0.26 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.61 ± 0.06 |
C/N | 13.87 ± 1.26 | 14.55 ± 0.71 | 12.97 ± 0.77 | 12.35 ± 0.86 |
CA (μg·g−1·min−1) | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.21 ± 0.06 |
UA (μg·g−1·h−1) | 5.23 ± 1.63 | 5.24 ± 1.81 | 9.61 ± 1.34 | 8.98 ± 2.78 |
GA (μg·g−1·h−1) | 0.83 ± 0.78 | 1.24 ± 0.98 | 1.01 ± 0.51 | 0.59 ± 0.54 |
DHA (μg·g−1·h−1) | 0.39 ± 0.35 | 0.61 ± 0.54 | 0.46 ± 0.37 | 0.33 ± 0.38 |
ACP (μg·g−1·min−1) | 5.83 ± 1.10 | 5.29 ± 1.29 | 4.36 ± 1.52 | 6.85 ± 3.73 |
Soil Physicochemical Properties | Plant Diversity | Plant Composition | Enzyme Activity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Functional mode | R = 0.021 p = 0.417 | R = −0.130 p = 0.983 | R = 0.098 p = 0.229 | R = −0.099 p = 0.794 |
Vegetative mode | R = 0.048 p = 0.302 | R = −0.128 p = 0.892 | R = 0.055 p = 0.343 | R = −0.107 p = 0.798 |
Growth mode | R = 0.053 p = 0.333 | R = −0.151 p = 0.929 | R = 0.111 p = 0.195 | R = −0.114 p = 0.859 |
Functional Mode | Vegetative Mode | Growth Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | p | R2 | p | R2 | p | |
B | 0.197 | 0.075 | 0.088 | 0.331 | 0.021 | 0.788 |
R | 0.010 | 0.858 | 0.039 | 0.552 | 0.013 | 0.855 |
SHI | 0.006 | 0.936 | 0.015 | 0.809 | 0.005 | 0.934 |
SII | 0.009 | 0.905 | 0.006 | 0.938 | 0.017 | 0.801 |
SHE | 0.095 | 0.291 | 0.031 | 0.710 | 0.050 | 0.548 |
SIE | 0.134 | 0.176 | 0.075 | 0.387 | 0.113 | 0.265 |
PE | 0.017 | 0.802 | 0.015 | 0.844 | 0.063 | 0.442 |
Shannon | 0.001 | 0.999 | 0.042 | 0.588 | 0.031 | 0.662 |
Functional Mode | Vegetative Mode | Growth Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | p | R2 | p | R2 | p | |
1 | 0.025 | 0.696 | 0.050 | 0.473 | 0.052 | 0.487 |
2 | 0.046 | 0.529 | 0.011 | 0.899 | 0.110 | 0.241 |
3 | 0.021 | 0.739 | 0.058 | 0.414 | 0.019 | 0.781 |
4 | 0.832 | 0.001 | 0.867 | 0.002 | 0.754 | 0.001 |
5 | 0.004 | 0.887 | 0.116 | 0.134 | 0.034 | 0.530 |
6 | 0.019 | 0.688 | 0.050 | 0.378 | 0.026 | 0.676 |
7 | 0.349 | 0.043 | 0.410 | 0.028 | 0.303 | 0.050 |
8 | 0.001 | 0.984 | 0.015 | 0.839 | 0.000 | 0.998 |
9 | 0.145 | 0.125 | 0.000 | 0.984 | 0.020 | 0.574 |
10 | 0.018 | 0.761 | 0.016 | 0.834 | 0.087 | 0.316 |
Functional Mode | Vegetative Mode | Growth Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | p | R2 | p | R2 | p | |
SOC | 0.073 | 0.408 | 0.258 | 0.037 | 0.231 | 0.037 |
AP | 0.020 | 0.815 | 0.128 | 0.203 | 0.100 | 0.291 |
TP | 0.004 | 0.949 | 0.014 | 0.845 | 0.081 | 0.350 |
NAN | 0.130 | 0.207 | 0.185 | 0.080 | 0.089 | 0.315 |
pH | 0.394 | 0.002 | 0.232 | 0.043 | 0.180 | 0.092 |
DM | 0.032 | 0.679 | 0.242 | 0.031 | 0.036 | 0.648 |
TC | 0.074 | 0.390 | 0.027 | 0.739 | 0.138 | 0.161 |
CN | 0.138 | 0.165 | 0.068 | 0.411 | 0.270 | 0.019 |
TN | 0.135 | 0.171 | 0.042 | 0.599 | 0.249 | 0.028 |
AN | 0.137 | 0.166 | 0.086 | 0.314 | 0.187 | 0.085 |
Functional Mode | Vegetative Mode | Growth Mode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | p | R2 | p | R2 | p | |
CA | 0.062 | 0.427 | 0.022 | 0.768 | 0.044 | 0.610 |
UA | 0.243 | 0.027 | 0.221 | 0.053 | 0.206 | 0.047 |
GA | 0.127 | 0.185 | 0.107 | 0.269 | 0.371 | 0.005 |
ACP | 0.520 | 0.012 | 0.154 | 0.149 | 0.123 | 0.183 |
DHA | 0.438 | 0.001 | 0.159 | 0.126 | 0.163 | 0.111 |
AN | 0.148 | 0.157 | 0.042 | 0.621 | 0.201 | 0.062 |
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Qiu, Z.; Liu, H.; Chen, C.; Liu, C.; Shu, J. Environmental Driving Mechanism and Response of Soil’s Fungal Functional Structure to Near-Naturalization in a Warm Temperate Plantation. Forests 2024, 15, 1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091540
Qiu Z, Liu H, Chen C, Liu C, Shu J. Environmental Driving Mechanism and Response of Soil’s Fungal Functional Structure to Near-Naturalization in a Warm Temperate Plantation. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091540
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiu, Zhenlu, Huan Liu, Chunli Chen, Congcong Liu, and Jing Shu. 2024. "Environmental Driving Mechanism and Response of Soil’s Fungal Functional Structure to Near-Naturalization in a Warm Temperate Plantation" Forests 15, no. 9: 1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091540