Characterizing Roughness of Wooden Mortise and Tenon Considering Effects of Measured Position and Assembly Condition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Effect of Measured Positions on the Roughness of Mortise and Tenon
2.2.2. Assembly Condition Effect on the Roughness of Tenon
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. Testing Methods
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Typical Roughness Profile, Morphologies, and Color Contours of Mortise and Tenon
3.2. Effect of Measured Position on the Roughness of Mortise and Tenon
3.3. Effect of Assembly Condition on the Roughness of Tenon
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The roughness of mortise (4.53 µm) was greater than that of tenon (3.89 µm), and the roughness of unassembled ones was greater than that of assembled ones based on the roughness in multiscale, including profiles, morphologies, and contours.
- (2)
- The roughness of mortise and tenon were significantly influenced by measured position and assembly condition, which made it important to understand the roughness distribution of mortise and tenon.
- (3)
- For the unassembled tenon sample, the roughness at T2 (5.10 µm) was greater than those at T1 (3.04 µm) and T3 (3.32 µm). The roughness of the assembled sample at T2L1 decreased so much compared with T2L2 and T2L3 in the length direction. T2 was suggested as a critical measured position for evaluating mortise and tenon.
- (4)
- It can be concluded that the roughness of mortise was mainly dominated by being perpendicular to the grain, while tangential feeding speed mainly determined the roughness of the tenon surface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sources | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Sample type (S) | 45.6 | <0.001 * |
Thickness direction (T) | 48.0 | <0.001 * |
Length direction (L) | 0.013 | 0.987 |
S × T | 35.2 | <0.001 * |
S × L | 0.421 | 0.657 |
T × L | 0.256 | 0.906 |
S × T × L | 0.381 | 0.822 |
Length Direction | Thickness Direction | Sample Type | |
---|---|---|---|
Tenon | Mortise | ||
L1 | T1 | 3.39 (18.7) Bb | 4.43 (8.3) Aa |
T2 | 5.17 (16.1) Aa | 4.67 (11.3) Aa | |
T3 | 3.27 (27.1) Bb | 4.33 (13.1) Aa | |
L2 | T1 | 3.24 (20.2) Bb | 4.54 (9.6) Aa |
T2 | 5.16 (20.4) Ba | 4.60 (13.6) Aa | |
T3 | 3.22 (25.7) Bb | 4.42 (12.5) Aa | |
L3 | T1 | 3.50 (22.5) Bb | 4.57 (9.29) Aa |
T2 | 4.99 (19.0) Aa | 4.59 (15.0) Aa | |
T3 | 3.04 (23.8) Bb | 4.61 (13.5) Aa |
Sources | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Assembly condition (A) | 527.2 | <0.001 * |
Thickness direction (T) | 7.6 | <0.001 * |
Length direction (L) | 21.7 | <0.001 * |
A × T | 16.5 | <0.001 * |
A × L | 14.5 | <0.001 * |
T × L | 4.4 | 0.002 * |
A × T × L | 7.9 | <0.001 * |
Length Direction | Thickness Direction | Assembly Condition | Reducing Ratio (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unassembled | Assembled | |||
L1 | T1 | 3.39 (18.7) Ab | 2.69 (19.6) Ba | 20.7 |
T2 | 5.17 (16.1) Aa | 1.33 (15.1) Bb | 74.3 | |
T3 | 3.27 (27.1) Ab | 3.09 (18.3) Ba | 5.7 | |
L2 | T1 | 3.24 (20.2) Ab | 2.78 (21.4) Ba | 14.1 |
T2 | 5.16 (20.4) Aa | 1.97 (22.0) Bb | 61.8 | |
T3 | 3.22 (25.7) Ab | 3.06 (14.5) Ba | 4.9 | |
L3 | T1 | 3.50 (22.5) Ab | 3.23 (16.7) Ba | 7.9 |
T2 | 4.99 (19.0) Aa | 3.63 (15.9) Ba | 27.1 | |
T3 | 3.04 (23.8) Ab | 2.90 (10.5) Ba | 4.6 |
Thickness Direction | Assembly Condition | Length Direction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | ||
T1 | Unassembled | 3.39 (18.7) A | 3.24 (20.2) A | 3.50 (22.5) A |
Assembled | 2.69 (19.6) B | 2.78 (21.4) B | 3.23 (16.7) A | |
T2 | Unassembled | 5.17 (16.1) A | 5.16 (20.4) A | 4.99 (19.0) A |
Assembled | 1.33 (15.1) C | 1.97 (22.0) B | 3.63 (15.9) A | |
T3 | Unassembled | 3.27 (27.1) A | 3.22 (25.7) A | 3.04 (23.8) A |
Assembled | 3.09 (18.3) A | 3.06 (14.5) A | 2.90 (10.5) A |
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Hu, W.-G.; Yu, R.-Z.; Yang, P. Characterizing Roughness of Wooden Mortise and Tenon Considering Effects of Measured Position and Assembly Condition. Forests 2024, 15, 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091584
Hu W-G, Yu R-Z, Yang P. Characterizing Roughness of Wooden Mortise and Tenon Considering Effects of Measured Position and Assembly Condition. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091584
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Wen-Gang, Run-Zhong Yu, and Peng Yang. 2024. "Characterizing Roughness of Wooden Mortise and Tenon Considering Effects of Measured Position and Assembly Condition" Forests 15, no. 9: 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091584