Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples Collection
2.2. Molecular Identification of Tomicus Species
2.3. Fungal Isolation and Identification
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Shoot Collection and Insect Identification
3.2. Fungal Community Characterisation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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OTU | GenBank Accession Number of Best Matches | Id (%)/Qc (%) | Description of GenBank Best Match | Suggested Name for OTU | Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | HG008754.1 | 100/100 | Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll. | S. polyspora | KY081694 |
2 | KM199339.1 | 99/97 | Pestalotiopsis hawaiiensis Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous | Pestalotiopsis sp. | KY081696 |
3 | JX421725.1 | 100/100 | Phoma herbarum Westend | P. herbarum | KY081697 |
4 | KU182497.1 | 100/100 | Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries | Cladosporium sp. | KY081699 |
5 | JN617665.1 | 100/99 | Penicillium westlingii K.M. Zalessky | Penicillium sp. | KY081700 |
6 | JX421733.1 | 99/100 | Phaeomoniella effusa Damm & Crous (synonym: Aequabiliella effusa (Damm & Crous) Crous) | P. effusa | KY081695 |
7 | KU184424.1 | 99/100 | Ophiostoma canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd. | O. canum | KY081698 |
8 | AJ876490.1 | 99/100 | Mucor hiemali Wehmer | M. hiemalis | KY081701 |
9 | FJ403224.1 | 99/100 | Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. | F. sporotrichioides * | KY081692 |
10 | AF310978.1 | 100/100 | Fusarium lateritium Nees | F. lateritium * | KY081690 |
11 | KU516466.1 | 100/100 | Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. | Fusarium sp. * | KY081689 |
12 | KU516468.1 | 100/100 | F. avenaceum | Fusarium sp. * | KY081691 |
13 | KU516467.1 | 100/100 | F. avenaceum | Fusarium sp. * | KY081693 |
Fungal Taxa | Relative Abundance | Total | PI (%) ± SE | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plot A | Plot B | |||
Cladosporium sp. | 1 (3.23%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.88%) | 8.33 × 10−3 ± 8.33 × 10−3 a |
Fusarium lateritium | 1 (3.23%) | 2 (2.44%) | 3 (2.65%) | 0.15 ± 0.08 a |
Fusarium sporotrichioides | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (3.66%) | 3 (2.65%) | 0.04 ± 0.04 a |
Fusarium sp. | 2 (6.45%) | 8 (9.76%) | 10 (8.85%) | 0.74 ± 0.35 a |
Mucor hiemalis | 1 (3.23%) | 2 (2.44%) | 3 (2.65%) | 0.11 ± 0.09 a |
Ophiostoma canum | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (2.44%) | 2 (1.77%) | 0.04 ± 0.04 a |
Penicillium sp. | 3 (9.68%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (2.65%) | 0.04 ± 0.04 a |
Pestalotiopsis sp. | 6 (19.35%) | 1 (1.22%) | 7 (6.19%) | 0.29 ± 0.16 a |
Phaeomoniella effusa | 2 (6.45%) | 3 (3.66%) | 5 (4.42%) | 0.15 ± 0.10 a |
Phoma herbarum | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (4.88%) | 4 (3.54%) | 0.15 ± 0.08 a |
Sydowia polyspora | 15 (48.39%) | 57 (69.51%) | 72 (63.72%) | 37.84 ± 4.30 b |
Subtotal | 31 | 82 | 113 | |
Total number of bark beetles | 49 | |||
Total uncolonised samples | 7 (14.28%) |
Ecological Index | Value |
---|---|
Taxonomic richness (Sobs) (plot A/plot B/total) | 8/9/11 |
ICE | 13.78 |
Chao1 | 11.00 |
Chao2 | 12.95 |
Jack1 | 14.90 |
Jack2 | 16.86 |
Shannon (H) | 1.43 |
Simpson (D) | 0.42 |
Shannon evenness (J) | 0.59 |
Simpson evenness (E) | 0.21 |
Sorensen index (I) | 0.70 |
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Muñoz-Adalia, E.J.; Sanz-Ros, A.V.; Flores-Pacheco, J.A.; Hantula, J.; Diez, J.J.; Vainio, E.J.; Fernández, M. Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum. Forests 2017, 8, 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040127
Muñoz-Adalia EJ, Sanz-Ros AV, Flores-Pacheco JA, Hantula J, Diez JJ, Vainio EJ, Fernández M. Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum. Forests. 2017; 8(4):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040127
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuñoz-Adalia, E. Jordán, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Juan A. Flores-Pacheco, Jarkko Hantula, Julio J. Diez, Eeva J. Vainio, and Mercedes Fernández. 2017. "Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum" Forests 8, no. 4: 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040127