Assessing Spatial Equity and Accessibility of Public Green Spaces in Aleppo City, Syria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Are urban green spaces in Aleppo distributed dispersed, random or clustered? (Proximity)
- Which are areas of low and high coverage of urban green spaces? (Quantity/Acreage)
- How accessible are urban green spaces to inhabitants? (Proximity)
- How are urban green spaces distributed in relation to the socioeconomic status of the neighbourhoods? (Quantity/Acreage)
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Methods
2.3. Establishing the Categorization of Urban Parks
2.4. The Average Nearest Neighbour
2.5. Parks Facilities Under and Over Coverage
2.6. Network Analysis
2.7. One-Way ANOVA Test and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Public Parks Distribution and Spatial Equity
3.2. Facilities Under- and Over- Coverage
3.3. Network Analysis
3.4. One-Way ANOVA Test and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD Test
- Most of the population (85%) lack access to pocket parks within 150 m.
- 60%–80% of residents lack access to neighbourhoods parks within 1000 m.
- Most people have access to the quarter parks, district parks and city parks within 3500 m.
- Low-income groups have significantly less access to most public city parks than high-income groups, except in the category of city parks.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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Parks | Description | Area (ha) | Max. Dist. From Home |
---|---|---|---|
Pocket/Residential park | A very small park which serves the immediately local population. Mostly scattered throughout the city. | <0.5 | <150 m |
Neighbourhood park | A small park which serves the neighbourhood population. Mostly with playground facilities. | 0.5–1 | 200–500 m |
Quarter park | A smaller park that serves more than one neighbourhood, but not the city as a whole. Equipped with more recreational facilities. | 1–4 | 500–1200 m |
District park | A mid-sized park which serves the district as a whole. It provides a range of facilities, such as sport and recreation for various groups of people. | 4–10 | 1200–2500 m |
City park | A large park which serves as the major recreation- and sport-facility-provider within a city and for its suburbs. | >10 | >3500 m |
Urban forest | A large area within the boundaries of the city covered by forest serving as recreational space. | >10 | >3500 m |
Roadway green (small) | Small green space alongside roadways serving as recreational space. | 0.2–5 | <750 m |
Roadway green (large) | Large green space alongside roadways serving as recreational space. | >5 | 1000–1500 m |
Socio-Economic | Number of Neighbourhoods | Area | Population | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Classes | Number | % | km2 | % | Population | % | Population Density (persons/km2) |
High | 15 | 15.2 | 22.8 | 28.5 | 192,899 | 8.1 | 8448 |
Middle | 30 | 30.3 | 15.2 | 18.9 | 425,910 | 18 | 28,079 |
Low | 54 | 54.5 | 42.1 | 52.6 | 1,751,613 | 73.9 | 41,605 |
Sum | 99 | 100 | 80.1 | 100 | 2,370,422 | 100 | 29,592 |
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Almohamad, H.; Knaack, A.L.; Habib, B.M. Assessing Spatial Equity and Accessibility of Public Green Spaces in Aleppo City, Syria. Forests 2018, 9, 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110706
Almohamad H, Knaack AL, Habib BM. Assessing Spatial Equity and Accessibility of Public Green Spaces in Aleppo City, Syria. Forests. 2018; 9(11):706. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110706
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmohamad, Hussein, Anna Lisa Knaack, and Badriah Mohammed Habib. 2018. "Assessing Spatial Equity and Accessibility of Public Green Spaces in Aleppo City, Syria" Forests 9, no. 11: 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110706