Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome

Morozkin, Evgeny S.; Makenov, Marat T.; Zhurenkova, Olga B.; Kholodilov, Ivan S.; Belova, Oxana A.; Radyuk, Ekaterina V.; Fyodorova, Marina V.; Grigoreva, Yana E.; Litov, Alexander G.; Valdokhina, Anna V.; Bulanenko, Victoria P.; Samoilov, Andrei E.; Korneenko, Elena V.; Voizekhovskaya, Yana A.; Neverov, Alexey D.; Karganova, Galina G.; Karan, Lyudmila S.

doi:10.3390/v14091908

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome

by

Evgeny S. Morozkin

^1,*

,

Marat T. Makenov

¹

,

Olga B. Zhurenkova

¹,

Ivan S. Kholodilov

²

,

Oxana A. Belova

²

,

Ekaterina V. Radyuk

¹,

Marina V. Fyodorova

¹,

Yana E. Grigoreva

¹,

Alexander G. Litov

²,

Anna V. Valdokhina

¹,

Victoria P. Bulanenko

¹,

Andrei E. Samoilov

³

,

Elena V. Korneenko

⁴,

Yana A. Voizekhovskaya

¹,

Alexey D. Neverov

¹,

Galina G. Karganova

^2,5 and

Lyudmila S. Karan

¹

Group of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia

²

Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia

³

Laboratory of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, 117246 Moscow, Russia

⁴

Multiomics Research Laboratory, Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, 117246 Moscow, Russia

⁵

Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2022, 14(9), 1908; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091908

Submission received: 2 August 2022 / Revised: 22 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 August 2022 / Published: 29 August 2022

(This article belongs to the Section Invertebrate Viruses)

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Abstract

Members of the jingmenviruses group have been found in arthropods and mammals on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Two viruses of this group were isolated from patients with fever after a tick bite. Using a nested RT-PCR assay targeting a jingmenvirus polymerase gene fragment, we screened ticks collected in seven regions of Russia and found that the abundant jingmenvirus-positive were of Ixodes ricinus species, with the prevalence ranging from 19.8% to 34.3%. In all cases, DNase/RNase treatment suggested that the detected molecule was DNA and subsequent next generation sequencing (NGS) proved that the viral polymerase gene was integrated in the I. ricinus genome. The copy number of the integrated polymerase gene was quantified by qPCR relative to the ITS2 gene and estimated as 1.32 copies per cell. At least three different genetic variants of the integrated polymerase gene were found in the territory of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis of the integrated jingmenvirus polymerase gene showed the highest similarity with the sequence of the correspondent gene obtained in Serbia from I. ricinus.

Keywords: jingmenviruses; Alongshan virus; endogenous viral elements; Ixodes; ixodid ticks; tick cell line

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MDPI and ACS Style

Morozkin, E.S.; Makenov, M.T.; Zhurenkova, O.B.; Kholodilov, I.S.; Belova, O.A.; Radyuk, E.V.; Fyodorova, M.V.; Grigoreva, Y.E.; Litov, A.G.; Valdokhina, A.V.; et al. Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome. Viruses 2022, 14, 1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091908

AMA Style

Morozkin ES, Makenov MT, Zhurenkova OB, Kholodilov IS, Belova OA, Radyuk EV, Fyodorova MV, Grigoreva YE, Litov AG, Valdokhina AV, et al. Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome. Viruses. 2022; 14(9):1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091908

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morozkin, Evgeny S., Marat T. Makenov, Olga B. Zhurenkova, Ivan S. Kholodilov, Oxana A. Belova, Ekaterina V. Radyuk, Marina V. Fyodorova, Yana E. Grigoreva, Alexander G. Litov, Anna V. Valdokhina, and et al. 2022. "Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome" Viruses 14, no. 9: 1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091908

APA Style

Morozkin, E. S., Makenov, M. T., Zhurenkova, O. B., Kholodilov, I. S., Belova, O. A., Radyuk, E. V., Fyodorova, M. V., Grigoreva, Y. E., Litov, A. G., Valdokhina, A. V., Bulanenko, V. P., Samoilov, A. E., Korneenko, E. V., Voizekhovskaya, Y. A., Neverov, A. D., Karganova, G. G., & Karan, L. S. (2022). Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome. Viruses, 14(9), 1908. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091908

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Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome

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