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Volume 15
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10.3390/v15091956
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Article

The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures

by
Jo L. Wilson
1,2,†,
Elgin Akin
1,†,
Ruifeng Zhou
1,
Anne Jedlicka
1,
Amanda Dziedzic
1,
Hsuan Liu
1,
Katherine Z. J. Fenstermacher
3,
Richard E. Rothman
3 and
Andrew Pekosz
1,*
1
W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
2
Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2023, 15(9), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091956
Submission received: 4 August 2023 / Revised: 11 September 2023 / Accepted: 12 September 2023 / Published: 20 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
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Abstract

Understanding Influenza B virus infections is of critical importance in our efforts to control severe influenza and influenza-related diseases. Until 2020, two genetic lineages of influenza B virus—Yamagata and Victoria—circulated in the population. These lineages are antigenically distinct, but the differences in virus replication or the induction of host cell responses after infection have not been carefully studied. Recent IBV clinical isolates of both lineages were obtained from influenza surveillance efforts of the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Response and characterized in vitro. B/Victoria and B/Yamagata clinical isolates were recognized less efficiently by serum from influenza-vaccinated individuals in comparison to the vaccine strains. B/Victoria lineages formed smaller plaques on MDCK cells compared to B/Yamagata, but infectious virus production in primary human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures showed no differences. While ciliated epithelial cells were the dominant cell type infected by both lineages, B/Victoria lineages had a slight preference for MUC5AC-positive cells, and B/Yamagata lineages infected more basal cells. Finally, while both lineages induced a strong interferon response 48 h after infection of hNEC cultures, the B/Victoria lineages showed a much stronger induction of interferon-related signaling pathways compared to B/Yamagata. This demonstrates that the two influenza B virus lineages differ not only in their antigenic structure but also in their ability to induce host innate immune responses.
Keywords: influenza B virus; human nasal epithelial cells; cell tropism; viral transcriptomics; protein immunoassay influenza B virus; human nasal epithelial cells; cell tropism; viral transcriptomics; protein immunoassay

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wilson, J.L.; Akin, E.; Zhou, R.; Jedlicka, A.; Dziedzic, A.; Liu, H.; Fenstermacher, K.Z.J.; Rothman, R.E.; Pekosz, A. The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures. Viruses 2023, 15, 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091956

AMA Style

Wilson JL, Akin E, Zhou R, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Liu H, Fenstermacher KZJ, Rothman RE, Pekosz A. The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures. Viruses. 2023; 15(9):1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091956

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wilson, Jo L., Elgin Akin, Ruifeng Zhou, Anne Jedlicka, Amanda Dziedzic, Hsuan Liu, Katherine Z. J. Fenstermacher, Richard E. Rothman, and Andrew Pekosz. 2023. "The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures" Viruses 15, no. 9: 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091956

APA Style

Wilson, J. L., Akin, E., Zhou, R., Jedlicka, A., Dziedzic, A., Liu, H., Fenstermacher, K. Z. J., Rothman, R. E., & Pekosz, A. (2023). The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures. Viruses, 15(9), 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091956

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