Cellular N-Myristoyl Transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Viruses
2.2. Compounds
2.3. Cell Cytotoxicity Assay and CC50 Determination
2.4. EC50 Determination
2.5. Viral Growth Kinetics
2.6. LCMV Minigenome Assay
2.7. Budding Assay
2.8. Western Blotting
2.9. Virus Titration
2.10. RNA Isolation and Characterization
2.11. GP2-Mediated Fusion Assay
2.12. Assessment of NP to Z Ratio
2.13. Immunofluorescence and Subcellular Localization of NP and Z
2.14. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Dose-Dependent Effect of the NMT1/2 Specific Inhibitor DDD85646 on LCMV Multiplication
3.2. Effect of DDD85646 on LCMV Multi-Step Growth Kinetics and Peak Titers
3.3. Effect of DDD85646 on Different Steps of the LCMV Life Cycle
3.4. Effect of DDD85646 on GP2-Mediated Fusion
3.5. Effect of DDD85646 on Z Protein Stability
3.6. Effect of DDD85646 on the Subcellular Distribution of Z Protein
3.7. Contribution of the Type 1 Interferon (T1IFN) Response to DDD85646-Mediated Restricted LCMV Multiplication
3.8. Contribution of NMT1 and NMT2 Isozymes to LCMV Multiplication
3.9. Effect of DDD85646 on the Multiplication of Other Mammarenaviruses
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Witwit, H.; Betancourt, C.A.; Cubitt, B.; Khafaji, R.; Kowalski, H.; Jackson, N.; Ye, C.; Martinez-Sobrido, L.; de la Torre, J.C. Cellular N-Myristoyl Transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication. Viruses 2024, 16, 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091362
Witwit H, Betancourt CA, Cubitt B, Khafaji R, Kowalski H, Jackson N, Ye C, Martinez-Sobrido L, de la Torre JC. Cellular N-Myristoyl Transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication. Viruses. 2024; 16(9):1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091362
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitwit, Haydar, Carlos Alberto Betancourt, Beatrice Cubitt, Roaa Khafaji, Heinrich Kowalski, Nathaniel Jackson, Chengjin Ye, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, and Juan C. de la Torre. 2024. "Cellular N-Myristoyl Transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication" Viruses 16, no. 9: 1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091362