Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Immunostimulation
2.1. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
2.2. Mucosal and Systemic Immunity
3. Adjuvants
4. Carbohydrate-Based Adjuvants
4.1. Saccharides
4.1.1. Mannose
4.1.2. Oligo- and Polysaccharides of Mannose
4.1.3. Glucan
4.1.4. Chitosan
4.1.5. Hyaluronic Acid
4.2. Saccharide Derivatives
4.2.1. Lipid A and its Derivatives
4.2.2. CAF01
4.2.3. Saponin (QS-21)
4.2.4. α-Galactosylceramide
4.2.5. Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP)
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bashiri, S.; Koirala, P.; Toth, I.; Skwarczynski, M. Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965
Bashiri S, Koirala P, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12(10):965. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965
Chicago/Turabian StyleBashiri, Sahra, Prashamsa Koirala, Istvan Toth, and Mariusz Skwarczynski. 2020. "Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines" Pharmaceutics 12, no. 10: 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965