Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tight Junction of the Blood-Brain Barrier
2.1. Claudin-5 and Other Claudins
2.2. Occludin
2.3. Tricellulin and Angulin-1
2.4. Junctional Adherence Molecules (JAM-A)
2.5. Zonula Occludens (ZO)-1
3. Tight Junction Modulators for Drug-Delivery Systems (DDSs)
3.1. Claudin Binders
3.1.1. Fragment of Bacterial Toxins
3.1.2. Antibodies against Claudin-5
3.1.3. Other Claudin-5 Modulators
3.2. Angulin Binders
3.2.1. Fragment of Bacterial Toxins
3.2.2. Antibodies against Angulin-1
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Aβ | Amyloid-β |
BBB | Blood-brain barrier |
BCEC | Brain capillary endothelial cell |
bTJ | Bicellular TJ |
C/EBPα | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α |
CNS | Central nervous system |
CPE | Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin |
C-CPE | C-terminal region of CPE |
DDS | Drug-delivery system |
EAE | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis |
ECH | Extracellular helix |
ECL | Extracellular loop domain |
ECS | Extracellular segment |
JAM | Junctional adherence molecule |
LSR | Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor |
MARVEL | MAL and related proteins for vesicle trafficking and membrane link |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappa B |
PDZ | Postsynaptic density-95, discs-large, ZO-1 |
P-gp | P-glycoprotein |
PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
Poly(I:C) | Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid |
TAMP | TJ-associated MARVEL protein |
TEER | Transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance |
TGFβ1 | Transforming growth factor β1 |
TJ | Tight junction |
TLR3 | Toll-like receptor 3 |
TM | Transmembrane helix |
tTJ | Tricellular TJ |
VEGF-A | Vascular endothelial growth factor A |
VLDL | Very low density lipoprotein |
ZO | Zonula occludens |
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Clone | Subtype | Epitope | Binding Specificity 1 | Effect on TJ Integrity in MDCKII Cells 2 | Ref | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Mouse | Cynomolgus | Other Claudins | Human | Mouse | Cynomolgus | ||||
M48 | Mouse IgG3 | 2nd loop | +++ | - | +++ | - | +++ | - | +++ | [87] |
R2 | Rat IgG2a | 1st loop | +++ | - | +++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | [87] |
R9 | Rat IgG2b | 2nd loop | +++ | + | +++ | - | +++ | - | +++ | [87] |
2B12 | Mouse IgG2a | 2nd loop | +++ | - | +++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | [93] |
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Tachibana, K.; Iwashita, Y.; Wakayama, E.; Nishino, I.; Nishikaji, T.; Kondoh, M. Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121236
Tachibana K, Iwashita Y, Wakayama E, Nishino I, Nishikaji T, Kondoh M. Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12(12):1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121236
Chicago/Turabian StyleTachibana, Keisuke, Yumi Iwashita, Erika Wakayama, Itsuki Nishino, Taiki Nishikaji, and Masuo Kondoh. 2020. "Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review" Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12: 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121236