Efficacy of Emu Oil Transfersomes for Local Transdermal Delivery of 4-OH Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals (Mice)
2.2. Cell Line
2.3. Test Drugs
2.4. Chemicals
2.5. Transfersome Formulation
2.6. Skin Irritancy Studies
2.7. Efficacy of Topical Application of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) Transfersomal Formulations
2.8. Quantification of Tamoxifen (TAMX) and Its Metabolite 4-OHT in Mice Plasma
2.9. Histopathology Studies
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Skin Irritancy Studies
3.2. Treatment with Emu Oil and 4-OHT Transfersomal Formulations
Quantification of TAMX and 4-OHT in the BALB/c Mice Plasma
3.3. Histopathology Studies
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistical Parameters | TAMX a | 4-OHT a |
---|---|---|
Concentration range (ng mL−1) | 50–0.5 | 50–0.5 |
Regression equation | y = 0.8144x + 7.116 | y = 1.6851x + 1.705 |
Correlation equation (r) | 0.9935 | 0.9956 |
Limit of detection (LOD) (ng mL−1) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Limit of quantification (LOQ) (ng mL−1) | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Standard error | 5.74 | 2.20 |
F | 3974.99 | 1120.60 |
SS (residual) | 263.66 | 24.11 |
MS (residual) | 32.96 | 4.82 |
SS (regression) | 5404.55 | 1.31 × 105 |
MS (regression) | 5404.55 | 1.31 × 105 |
Lower 95% | 0.98167 | 3.960 |
Upper 95% | 4.3916 | 13.696 |
Compounds | Quality Control | Nominal Concentration (ng·mL−1) | Precision (% RSD) a | Accuracy (%) a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intra-Assay | Inter-Assay | ||||
TAMX | QCL | 1 | 2.03 | 2.01 | 96.7 |
QCM | 20 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 93.9 | |
QCH | 200 | 2.37 | 2.35 | 107.1 | |
4-OHT | QCL | 1 | 1.71 | 1.69 | 95.5 |
QCM | 20 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 95.7 | |
QCH | 200 | 1.48 | 1.47 | 108.0 |
Types of Formulations | Dose Administered (µg) | Tamoxifen (ng/mL) | % of TAMX Compared to Dose Administered | 4-OHT (ng/mL) | % of 4-OHT Compared to Dose Administered |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | ND | - | - | - | - |
Topical Pure EO | - | - | - | - | - |
Oral TAMX | 120 | 325.21 ± 3.78 | 0.27 | 634.42 ± 7.54 | 0.53 |
DLT (85:15) + 4-OHT Transfersome | 100 | BQL | - | 32.45 ± 0.48 *** | 0.03 |
DLT + EO (85:15) + 4-OHT Transfersome | 100 | BQL | - | 10.24 ± 0.07 *** | 0.01 |
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Sundralingam, U.; Chakravarthi, S.; Radhakrishnan, A.K.; Muniyandy, S.; Palanisamy, U.D. Efficacy of Emu Oil Transfersomes for Local Transdermal Delivery of 4-OH Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090807
Sundralingam U, Chakravarthi S, Radhakrishnan AK, Muniyandy S, Palanisamy UD. Efficacy of Emu Oil Transfersomes for Local Transdermal Delivery of 4-OH Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12(9):807. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090807
Chicago/Turabian StyleSundralingam, Usha, Srikumar Chakravarthi, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Saravanan Muniyandy, and Uma D. Palanisamy. 2020. "Efficacy of Emu Oil Transfersomes for Local Transdermal Delivery of 4-OH Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer" Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9: 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090807