Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways—Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cell Line-Based 3D Airway Tissue Models
3. Primary Cells Derived 3D Lower Airway Models
3.1. In Vitro 3D Cultures of Biopsies
3.2. iPS Differentiated Cells, Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
3.3. Organoids
4. Challenges
4.1. Determine the Barrier Function by Measuring the Electrical Resistance (TEER)
4.2. Involvement of Immune Cells
4.3. Live Cell Microscopy
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wiese-Rischke, C.; Murkar, R.S.; Walles, H. Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways—Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122115
Wiese-Rischke C, Murkar RS, Walles H. Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways—Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(12):2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122115
Chicago/Turabian StyleWiese-Rischke, Cornelia, Rasika S. Murkar, and Heike Walles. 2021. "Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways—Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12: 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122115