Gastro-Resistant Microparticles Produced by Spray-Drying as Controlled Release Systems for Liposoluble Vitamins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Preparation of the Gastro-Resistant Microparticle Formulations
2.2.2. Drug Loading Evaluation
2.2.3. In Vitro Dissolution Studies
2.2.4. Ex-Vivo Permeation Studies
2.2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
Retinyl Palmitate cm−1 [26] | ||||
2922.11 | A1 cm−1 | A2 cm−1 | A3 cm−1 | Stretching C-H |
1734.66 | 2922.11 | 2922.11 | 2922.11 | Stretching C=O |
9632.65 | 1734.17 | 1734.17 | 1744.76 | Bending =CH |
β-carotene cm−1 [27,28] | B1 cm−1 | B2 cm−1 | B3 cm−1 | |
3440.39 | 3400.85 | Stretching =CH | ||
2935.61 | 2935.13 | 2935.13 | 2935.13 | Stretching =CH |
1721.64 | 1735.82 | 1735.82 | 1721.64 | Stretching C=C |
1450.69 | 1449.73 | 1449.73 | 1450.69 | Bending C-H |
Retinyl acetate cm−1 [29] | C1 cm−1 | C2 cm−1 | C3 cm−1 | |
3444.24 | Stretching =CH | |||
2926.45 | 2935.61 | 2936.09 | 2924.52 | Stretching C-H |
1624.73 | 1653.18 | Stretching C=O | ||
1436.71 | 1456.98 | 1457.44 | Stretching C=C | |
Cholecalciferol cm−1 [30] | D1 cm−1 | D2 cm−1 | D3 cm−1 | |
3309.73 | Stretching O-H | |||
3077.35 | Stretching C-H | |||
2933.68 | 2935.13 | 2935.13 | 2933.68 | Stretching -CH2 |
1645.91 | 1645.91 | 1645.91 | 1645.91 | Stretching C=C |
α-tocopherol cm−1 [31,32] | E1 cm−1 | E2 cm−1 | E3 cm−1 | |
3632.27 | Stretching =OH | |||
1420.32 | 1463.22 | 1462.74 | Bending -CH3 | |
1087.17 | 1087.17 | 1087.66 | 1070 | Plane Bending phenyl |
4. Conclusions
5. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Batches | Yield% ± SD | DL% ± SD | EE% ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 52.8 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 34.2 ± 0.2 |
B1 | 63.9 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 41.3 ± 0.3 |
C1 | 43.2 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 17.1 ± 0.4 |
D1 | 56.7 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 77.7 ± 0.1 |
E1 | 47.3 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 25.9 ± 0.2 |
A2 | 45.1 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 31.8 ± 0.2 |
B2 | 66.2 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.3 |
C2 | 46.9 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 43.3 ± 0.5 |
D2 | 45.2 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 83.6 ± 0.3 |
E2 | 52.7 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 71.9 ± 0.2 |
A3 | 57.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 17.1 ± 0.1 |
B3 | 65.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 18.1 ± 0.1 |
C3 | 44.1 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 30.2 ± 0.4 |
D3 | 48.3 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 39.8 ± 0.3 |
E3 | 44.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 81.7 ± 0.5 |
Batches | Average Diameter (μm) ± SD |
---|---|
A1 | 10.4 ± 2.3 |
B1 | 12.1 ± 3.3 |
C1 | 8.8 ± 3.2 |
D1 | 13.6 ± 3.7 |
E1 | 10.8 ± 4.4 |
A2 | 11.5 ± 3.4 |
B2 | 8.9 ± 2.3 |
C2 | 9.2 ± 4.5 |
D2 | 12.2 ± 2.9 |
E2 | 10.6 ± 4.1 |
A3 | 14.9 ± 4.3 |
B3 | 6.7 ± 2.5 |
C3 | 11.8 ± 3.9 |
D3 | 10.1 ± 2.5 |
E3 | 10.7 ± 4.9 |
Batches | Δm (mg) ± SD | Δm (%) ± SD |
---|---|---|
A1 | 0.481 ± 0.153 | 3.12 ± 0.54 |
A2 | 0.453 ± 0.165 | 3.41 ± 0.42 |
A3 | 0.411 ± 0.189 | 3.22 ± 0.32 |
B1 | 0.347 ± 0.254 | 2.57 ± 0.71 |
B2 | 0.283 ± 0.145 | 2.23 ± 0.69 |
B3 | 0.335 ± 0.187 | 2.42 ± 0.85 |
C1 | 0.355 ± 0.211 | 2.91 ± 0.33 |
C2 | 0.468 ± 0.133 | 3.71 ± 0.25 |
C3 | 0.463 ± 0.147 | 3.89 ± 0.27 |
D1 | 0.461 ± 0.188 | 3.29 ± 0.22 |
D2 | 0.511 ± 0.221 | 3.78 ± 0.31 |
D3 | 0.481 ± 0.198 | 3.45 ± 0.46 |
E1 | 0.394 ± 0.155 | 3.39 ± 0.55 |
E2 | 0.503 ± 0.132 | 3.98 ± 0.41 |
E3 | 0.386 ± 0.119 | 3.78 ± 0.39 |
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Terracina, F.; Caruana, R.; Bonomo, F.P.; Montalbano, F.; Licciardi, M. Gastro-Resistant Microparticles Produced by Spray-Drying as Controlled Release Systems for Liposoluble Vitamins. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071480
Terracina F, Caruana R, Bonomo FP, Montalbano F, Licciardi M. Gastro-Resistant Microparticles Produced by Spray-Drying as Controlled Release Systems for Liposoluble Vitamins. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(7):1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071480
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerracina, Francesca, Roberto Caruana, Francesco Paolo Bonomo, Francesco Montalbano, and Mariano Licciardi. 2022. "Gastro-Resistant Microparticles Produced by Spray-Drying as Controlled Release Systems for Liposoluble Vitamins" Pharmaceutics 14, no. 7: 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071480